{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:49:29Z","timestamp":1782499769946,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-026-02388-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:09:32Z","timestamp":1782497372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medical Student Reflections on a Prison Psychiatric Experience: A Qualitative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6350-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Hianik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Einloth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mihas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Zarzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2388_CR1","volume-title":"World prison population list","author":"H Fair","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fair H, Walmsley R. World prison population list. 14th ed. Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research; 2024.","edition":"14th ed"},{"key":"2388_CR2","unstructured":"Buehler ED, Kluckow R. Correctional populations in the United States, 2022 - statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice; May 2024. NCJ 308699. https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/document\/cpus22st.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 3 Jan 2026."},{"issue":"4","key":"2388_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00023-9","volume":"9","author":"L Favril","year":"2024","unstructured":"Favril L, Rich JD, Hard J, Fazel S. Mental and physical health morbidity among people in prisons: an umbrella review. Lancet Public Health. 2024;9(4):e250\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00023-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2388_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa064115","volume":"356","author":"IA Binswanger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Stern MF, Deyo RA, et al. Release from prison \u2014 a high risk of death for former inmates. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(2):157\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMsa064115.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2388_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad214","volume":"193","author":"KV Fitch","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fitch KV, Pence BW, Rosen DL, et al. Suicide mortality among formerly incarcerated people compared with the general population in North Carolina, 2000-2020. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;193(3):489\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwad214.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2388_CR6","unstructured":"Hughes T, Wilson DJ. Reentry trends in the United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice; November 2023. NCJ 197334.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/scans\/bjs\/reentry.pdf.\u00a0Accessed\u00a03 Jan 2026."},{"issue":"6","key":"2388_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4300\/jgme-d-22-00228.1","volume":"14","author":"MI Suh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suh MI, Robinson MD. Vulnerable yet unprotected: the hidden curriculum of the care of the incarcerated patient. J Grad Med Educ. 2022;14(6):655\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4300\/jgme-d-22-00228.1.","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2388_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-020-09997-4","volume":"26","author":"AH Hashmi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hashmi AH, Bennett AM, Tajuddin NN, Hester RJ, Glenn JE. Qualitative exploration of the medical learner\u2019s journey into correctional health care at an academic medical center and its implications for medical education. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2021;26(2):489\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-020-09997-4.","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2388_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345818820109","volume":"25","author":"L Simon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Simon L, Tobey M. A national survey of medical school curricula on criminal justice and health. J Correct Health Care. 2019;25(1):37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1078345818820109.","journal-title":"J Correct Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2388_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-09239-y","volume":"40","author":"C Stover","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stover C, Le A, Onyeali R, Mushero N. The state of medical education on criminal justice health: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 2025;40(4):892\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-024-09239-y.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2388_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2020.1715804","volume":"32","author":"PA Abbott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbott PA, Brooker R, Hu W, Hampton S, Reath J. \u201cI just had no idea what it was like to be in prison and what might be helpful\u201d: educator and learner views on clinical placements in correctional health. Teach Learn Med. 2020;32(3):259\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10401334.2020.1715804.","journal-title":"Teach Learn Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2388_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1089\/jchc.20.05.0042","volume":"28","author":"R Conger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Conger R, Treat R, Hofmeister S. The importance of correctional health care curricula in medical education. J Correct Health Care. 2022;28(2):84\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jchc.20.05.0042.","journal-title":"J Correct Health Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"2388_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9101302","volume":"9","author":"M English","year":"2021","unstructured":"English M, Sanogo F, Trotzky-Sirr R, Schneberk T, Wilson ML, Riddell J. Medical students\u2019 knowledge and attitudes regarding justice-involved health. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(10):1302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9101302.","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2388_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-017-1109-7","author":"R Brooker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brooker R, Hu W, Reath J, Abbott P. Medical student experiences in prison health services and social cognitive career choice: a qualitative study. BMC Med Educ. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-017-1109-7.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2388_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-012-9512-3","volume":"48","author":"BS Fuehrlein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fuehrlein BS, Jha MK, Brenner AM, North CS. Can we address the shortage of psychiatrists in the correctional setting with exposure during residency training? Community Ment Health J. 2012;48(6):756\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-012-9512-3.","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2388_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300166","volume":"65","author":"SJ Prins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prins SJ. Prevalence of mental illnesses in US state prisons: a systematic review. Psychiatr Serv. 2014;65(7):862\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201300166.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2388_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2016.1222356","volume":"29","author":"BJ Holoyda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holoyda BJ, Scott CL. Psychiatric education in the correctional setting: challenges and opportunities. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2017;29(1):11\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540261.2016.1222356.","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2388_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-023-01756-y","volume":"48","author":"TR Zarzar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zarzar TR, Pruette ME. Development of a medical student elective in correctional psychiatry with a focus on structural competency. Acad Psychiatry. 2024;48(1):106\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40596-023-01756-y.","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry"},{"key":"2388_CR19","unstructured":"ATLAS.ti. Version 23.2.1. ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH; 2023.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/atlasti.com.\u00a0Accessed January 3 2026."},{"issue":"2","key":"2388_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.29158\/JAAPL.003921-20","volume":"48","author":"NP Morris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morris NP, West SG. Misconceptions about working in correctional psychiatry. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2020;48(2):251\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29158\/JAAPL.003921-20.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"issue":"2","key":"2388_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.29158\/JAAPL.210065-21","volume":"50","author":"T Wasser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wasser T, Chandra S, Chaffkin J, Michaelsen K. A multi-site survey of general psychiatry residents\u2019 forensic training. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2022;50(2):231\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29158\/JAAPL.210065-21.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"2388_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-024-02096-1","volume":"49","author":"TR Zarzar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zarzar TR. Moral distress, hope, and the carceral experience. Acad Psychiatry. 2025;49(4):392\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40596-024-02096-1.","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Academic Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40596-026-02388-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40596-026-02388-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40596-026-02388-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:09:35Z","timestamp":1782497375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40596-026-02388-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["2388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40596-026-02388-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-9670","1545-7230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-9670","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-7230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was exempted from Institutional Review Board oversight by the University of North Carolina Office of Human Research Ethics. IRB No. 23-0984. Date of exemption was 4\/27\/2023.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Considerations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}