{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:28:40Z","timestamp":1775888920144,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]],"date-time":"2015-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-014-0064-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]],"date-time":"2015-01-23T18:58:49Z","timestamp":1422039529000},"page":"200-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Race Attribution Modifies the Association Between Daily Discrimination and Major Depressive Disorder Among Blacks: the Role of Gender and Ethnicity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Shervin","family":"Assari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daphne C.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cleopatra H.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"64_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-9524(00)00010-3","volume":"2","author":"TN Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown TN, Williams DR, Jackson JS, et al. \u201cBeing black and feeling blue\u201d: the mental health consequences of racial discrimination. Race Soc. 2000;2:117\u201331.","journal-title":"Race Soc"},{"key":"64_CR2","first-page":"132","volume":"6","author":"JS Jackson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jackson JS, Brown TN, Williams DR, Torres M, Sellers SL, Brown K. Racism and the physical and mental health status of African Americans: a thirteen year national panel study. Ethn Dis. 1996;6:132\u201347.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"64_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.2.232","volume":"93","author":"S Noh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Noh S, Kaspar V. Perceived discrimination and depression: moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:232\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"64_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.2307\/2676323","volume":"41","author":"AJ Schulz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schulz AJ, Williams DR, Israel BA, et al. Unfair treatment, neighborhood effects, and mental health in the Detroit metropolitan area. J Health Soc Behav. 2000;41:314\u201332.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"64_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305","volume":"2","author":"DR Williams","year":"1997","unstructured":"Williams DR, Yu Y, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health: socioeconomic status, stress and discrimination. J Health Psychol. 1997;2:335\u201351.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"64_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.4.615","volume":"92","author":"G Gee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gee G. A multilevel analysis of the relationship between institutional and individual racial discrimination and health status. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:615\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"64_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00084-8","volume":"51","author":"AJ Schulz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schulz AJ, Israel BA, Williams DR, Parker EA, James SA. Social inequalities, stressors and self-reported health status among African American and white women in the Detroit metropolitan area. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51:1639\u201353.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"64_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.064543","volume":"96","author":"AJ Schulz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schulz AJ, Gravlee CC, Williams DR, Israel BA, Mentz G, Rowe Z. Discrimination, symptoms of depression, and self-rated health among African American women in detroit: results from a longitudinal analysis. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(7):1265\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"64_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.2.200","volume":"93","author":"DR Williams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Williams DR, Neighbors HW, Jackson JS. Racial\/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:200\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"64_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650212441362","volume":"40","author":"JA Kam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kam JA, B\u00e1maca-Colbert MY. Supportive parenting as a moderator of perceived ethnic\/racial Discrimination\u2019s associations with psychological and academic adjustment a comparison between Mexican-origin females in early and middle adolescence. Commun Res. 2013;40(5):645\u201368.","journal-title":"Commun Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"64_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2012.01808.x","volume":"83","author":"MT Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang MT, Huguley JP. Parental racial socialization as a moderator of the effects of racial discrimination on educational success among African American adolescents. Child Dev. 2012;83(5):1716\u201331.","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"64_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keith VM, Lincoln KD, Taylor RJ, Jackson JS. Discriminatory experiences and depressive symptoms among African American women: do skin tone and mastery matter? Sex Roles. 2010 1;62(1\u20132):48\u201359.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-009-9706-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"64_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028436","volume":"14","author":"DD Matthews","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matthews DD, Hammond WP, Nuru-Jeter A, Cole-Lewis Y, Melvin T. Racial discrimination and depressive symptoms among African-American men: the mediating and moderating roles of masculine self-reliance and John Henryism. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2013;14(1):35\u201346.","journal-title":"Psychol Men Masculinity"},{"issue":"1","key":"64_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029105","volume":"14","author":"CH Caldwell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caldwell CH, Antonakos CL, Kazumi T, Assari S, De Loney EH. Masculinity as a moderator of discrimination and parenting on depressive symptoms and drinking behaviors among nonresident African-American fathers. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2013;14(1):47\u201358.","journal-title":"Psychol Men Masculinity"},{"issue":"135","key":"64_CR15","first-page":"493","volume":"34","author":"DB Miller","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miller DB. Racial socialization and racial identity: can they promote resiliency for African American adolescents? Adolescence. 1999;34(135):493\u2013501.","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2011.11.003","volume":"35","author":"AJ Uma\u00f1a-Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Uma\u00f1a-Taylor AJ, Wong JJ, Gonzales NA, Dumka LE. Ethnic identity and gender as moderators of the association between discrimination and academic adjustment among Mexican-origin adolescents. Adolescence. 2012;35(4):773\u201386.","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005580300128","volume":"23","author":"EA Klonoff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Klonoff EA, Landrine H. Is skin color a marker for racial discrimination? Explaining the skin color-hypertension relationship. J Behav Med. 2000;23(4):329\u201338.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"64_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1525\/sop.2012.56.1.25","volume":"56","author":"BL Perry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perry BL, Harp KL, Oser CB. Racial and gender discrimination in the stress process: implications for African American Women\u2019s health and well-being. Sociol Perspect. 2013;56(1):25\u201348.","journal-title":"Sociol Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016059","volume":"135","author":"EA Pascoe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pascoe EA, Smart RL. Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(4):531\u201354.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"64_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012747","volume":"44","author":"EK Seaton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seaton EK, Caldwell CH, Sellers RM, Jackson JS. The prevalence of perceived discrimination among African American and Caribbean Black youth. Dev Psychol. 2008;44(5):1288\u201397.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"64_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.04.027","volume":"75","author":"TJ Cunningham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cunningham TJ, Seeman TE, Kawachi I, Gortmaker SL, Jacobs DR, Kiefe CI, et al. Racial\/ethnic and gender differences in the association between self-reported experiences of racial\/ethnic discrimination and inflammation in the CARDIA cohort of 4 US communities. Soc Sci Med. 2012;75(5):922\u201331.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"64_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.87.1.49","volume":"87","author":"LY Abramson","year":"1978","unstructured":"Abramson LY, Seligman MEP, Teasdale JD. Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation. J Abnorm Psychol. 1978;87:49\u201374.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.177","volume":"13","author":"JS Jackson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jackson JS, Torres M, Caldwell CH, Neighbors HW, Nesse RM, Taylor RJ, et al. The National Survey of American Life: a study of racial, ethnic and cultural influences on mental disorders and mental health. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13(4):196\u2013207.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.182","volume":"13","author":"JS Jackson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jackson JS, Neighbors HW, Nesse RM, Trierweiler SJ, Torres M. Methodological innovations in the National Survey of American Life. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13(4):289\u201398.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.179","volume":"13","author":"SG Heeringa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heeringa SG, Wagner J, Torres M, Duan N, Adams T, Berglund P. Sample designs and sampling methods for the collaborative psychiatric epidemiology studies (CPES). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13(4):221\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"64_CR26","unstructured":"Bulmer, M. Thomas, R. Donagher, P. Survey Documentation: Representation of CASIC Questionnaires, in New Methods For Survey Research, Edited by A. Westlake et al., Association for Survey Computing, 1998 37\u201348. ( http:\/\/www.assurcom.demon.co.uk\/Events\/C98\/ )."},{"key":"64_CR27","unstructured":"De Leeuw E. the effect of computer assisted interviewing on data quality: a review of the evidence, social statistics meeting, royal statistical society, March 16th, 1999."},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/089443930001800402","volume":"18","author":"MP Couper","year":"2000","unstructured":"Couper MP. Usability evaluation of computer-assisted survey instruments. Soc Sci Comput Rev. 2000;18(4):384\u201396.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Comput Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/147078539503700401","volume":"37","author":"ED Leeuw De","year":"1995","unstructured":"De Leeuw ED, Hox JJ, Snijkers G. The effect of computer-assisted interviewing on data quality\u2014a review. J Market Res Soc. 1995;37(4):325\u201344.","journal-title":"J Market Res Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124196024004002","volume":"24","author":"ED DeLeeuw","year":"1996","unstructured":"DeLeeuw ED, Mellenbergh GJ, Hox JJ. The influence of data collection method on structural models\u2014a comparison of a mail, a telephone, and a face-to-face survey. Sociol Methods Res. 1996;24(4):443\u201372.","journal-title":"Sociol Methods Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"64_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1086\/297751","volume":"60","author":"R Tourangeau","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tourangeau R, Smith TW. Asking sensitive questions\u2014the impact of data collection mode, question format, and question context. Public Opin Q. 1996;60(2):275\u2013304.","journal-title":"Public Opin Q"},{"key":"64_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2307\/2676349","volume":"40","author":"RC Kessler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Mickelson KD, Williams DR. The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. J Health Soc Behav. 1999;40:208\u201330.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"64_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305","volume":"2","author":"DR William","year":"1997","unstructured":"William DR, Yu Y, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. J Health Psychol. 1997;2:335\u201351.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"64_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.168","volume":"13","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Ustun TB. The world mental health (WMH) survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13:93\u2013121.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"64_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800360017003","volume":"45","author":"LN Robins","year":"1988","unstructured":"Robins LN, Wing J, Wittchen HU, Helzer JE, Babor TF, Burke J, et al. The composite international diagnostic interview. An epidemiologic instrument suitable for use in conjunction with different diagnostic systems and in different cultures. Arch Gen Psychol. 1988;45:1069\u201377.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychol"},{"key":"64_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(94)90036-1","volume":"28","author":"HU Wittchen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wittchen HU. Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI): a critical review. J Psychiatr Res. 1994;28:57\u201384.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"64_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.33","volume":"7","author":"RC Kessler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Wittchen H-U, Abelson JM, McGonagle KA, Schwarz N, Kendler KS, et al. Methodological studies of the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI) in the US national comorbidity survey. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 1998;7:33\u201355.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"64_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002334","volume":"43","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Calabrese JR, Farley PA, Gruber MJ, Jewell MA, Katon W, et al. Composite international diagnostic interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders. Psychol Med. 2013;43(8):1625\u201337.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"64_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.088211","volume":"97","author":"DR Williams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williams DR, Haile R, Gonz\u00e1lez HM, Neighbors H, Baser R, Jackson JS. The mental health of Black Caribbean immigrants: results from the National Survey of American Life. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(1):52\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"64_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.088500","volume":"97","author":"JS Jackson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jackson JS, Neighbors HW, Torres M, Martin LA, Williams DR, Baser R. Use of mental health services and subjective satisfaction with treatment among Black Caribbean immigrants: results from the National Survey of American Life. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(1):60\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.4.485","volume":"64","author":"HW Neighbors","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neighbors HW, Caldwell C, Williams DR, Nesse R, Taylor RJ, Bullard KM, et al. Race, ethnicity, and the use of services for mental disorders: results from the National Survey of American Life. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(4):485\u201394.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"64_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22041","volume":"30","author":"AT Woodward","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woodward AT, Taylor RJ, Abelson JM, Matusko N. Major depressive disorder among older African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites: secondary analysis of the National Survey of American Life. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(6):589\u201397.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr294","volume":"175","author":"EML Aquino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aquino EML, Barreto SM, Bensenor IM, Carvalho MS, Chor D, Duncan BB, et al. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(4):315\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"64_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1096","volume":"20","author":"L Giatti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giatti L, Camelo Ldo V, Rodrigues JF, Barreto SM. Reliability of the MacArthur scale of subjective social status\u2014Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). BMC Public Health. 2012;20(12):1096.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"64_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(95)00061-5","volume":"5","author":"JA Gazmararian","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gazmararian JA, James SA, Lepkowski JM. Depression in black and white women. The role of marriage and socioeconomic status. Ann Epidemiol. 1995;5(6):455\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"64_CR46","first-page":"421","volume":"12","author":"IC Scarinci","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scarinci IC, Beech BM, Naumann W, Kovach KW, Pugh L, Fapohunda B. Depression, socioeconomic status, age, and marital status in black women: a national study. Ethn Dis. 2002;12(3):421\u20138.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"64_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.2.240","volume":"83","author":"RJ Jones-Webb","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jones-Webb RJ, Snowden LR. Symptoms of depression among blacks and whites. Am J Public Health. 1993;83(2):240\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"64_CR48","first-page":"247","volume":"5","author":"S Assari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Assari S. The link between mental health and obesity: role of individual and contextual factors. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(3):247\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"64_CR49","first-page":"44","volume":"8","author":"S Assari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Assari S. Additive effects of anxiety and depression on body mass index among blacks: role of ethnicity and gender. Int Cardiovasc Res J. 2014;8(2):44\u201351.","journal-title":"Int Cardiovasc Res J"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR50","first-page":"405","volume":"5","author":"S Assari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Assari S. Chronic medical conditions and major depressive disorder: differential role of positive religious coping among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks and Non-Hispanic Whites. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(4):405\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"64_CR51","first-page":"269","volume":"5","author":"S Assari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Assari S. Separate and combined effects of anxiety, depression and problem drinking on subjective health among Black, Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Men. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(3):269\u201379.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"64_CR52","first-page":"1251","volume":"4","author":"S Assari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Assari S, Lankarani MM, Lankarani RM. Ethnicity modifies the additive effects of anxiety and drug use disorders on suicidal ideation among black adults in the United States. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(11):1251\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"64_CR53","first-page":"208","volume":"4","author":"S Assari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Assari S. Race and ethnicity, religion involvement, church-based social support and subjective health in United States: a case of moderated mediation. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(2):208\u201317.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"64_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.4.753","volume":"109","author":"JM Tram","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tram JM, Cole DA. Self perceived competence and the relation between life events and depressive symptoms in adolescence: mediator or moderator? J Abnorm Psychol. 2000;109:753\u201360.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"64_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/01460861003663953","volume":"33","author":"AM Nuru-Jeter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nuru-Jeter AM, Sarsour K, Jutte DP, Boyce WT. Socioeconomic predictors of health and development in middle childhood: variations by socioeconomic status measure and race. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2010;33(2):59\u201381.","journal-title":"Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"64_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.2307\/1131600","volume":"67","author":"C Garcia Coll","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garcia Coll C, Lamberty G, Jenkins R, McAdoo HP, Crnic K, Wasik BH, et al. An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Dev. 1996;67:1891\u2013914.","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"64_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00061-7","volume":"32","author":"B Jackson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jackson B, Sellers RM, Peterson C. Pessimistic explanatory style moderates the effect of stress on physical illness. Pers Individ Differ. 2002;32:567\u201373.","journal-title":"Pers Individ Differ"},{"key":"64_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1995.14.4.357","volume":"14","author":"J Dykema","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dykema J, Bergbower K, Peterson C. Pessimistic explanatory style, stress, and illness. J Soc Clin Psychol. 1995;14:357\u201371.","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.038711","volume":"192","author":"HA Ball","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ball HA, McGuffin P, Farmer AE. Attributional style and depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192(4):275\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"64_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010451604161","volume":"29","author":"CS Conley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Conley CS, Haines BA, Hilt LM, Metalsky GI. The children\u2019s attributional style interview: developmental tests of cognitive diathesis-stress theories of depression. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2001;29:445\u201363.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"64_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.2.358","volume":"96","author":"LY Abramson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Abramson LY, Metalsky GI, Alloy LB. Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression. Psychol Rev. 1989;96:358\u201372.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"64_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156e165","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.99.2.156","volume":"99","author":"DJ Needles","year":"1990","unstructured":"Needles DJ, Abramson LY. Positive life events, attributional style, and hopefulness: testing a model of recovery from depression. J Abnorm Psychol. 1990;99:156e165.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"64_CR63","first-page":"587","volume":"12","author":"A Borucka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Borucka A, Ostaszewski K. Theory of resilience. Key conceptual constructs and chosen issues. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2008;12(2 Pt 1):587\u201397.","journal-title":"Med Wieku Rozwoj"},{"issue":"4","key":"64_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004156","volume":"12","author":"SS Lutha","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lutha SS, Cicchetti D. The construct of resilience: implications for interventions and social policies. Dev Psychopathol. 2000;12(4):857\u201385.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"64_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511490132","volume-title":"Risk and resilience: adaptations in changing times","author":"I Schoon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schoon I. Risk and resilience: adaptations in changing times. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2006."},{"key":"64_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008045073-5\/50002-2","volume-title":"Normal and abnormal fear and anxiety in children and adolescents","author":"P Muris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muris P. Normal and abnormal fear and anxiety in children and adolescents. California: Elsevier Inc.; 2007."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"64_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2298\/SARH0910529L","volume":"137","author":"I Leposavi\u0107","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leposavi\u0107 I, Leposavi\u0107 L. Attribution style of patients with depression. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2009;137(9\u201310):529\u201333.","journal-title":"Srp Arh Celok Lek"},{"key":"64_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AJCP.0000014321.02367.dd","volume":"33","author":"CH Caldwell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Caldwell CH, Kohn-Wood L, Schmeelk- Cone K, Chavous T, Zimmerman M. Racial discrimination and racial identity as risk or protective factors for violent behaviors in African American young adults. Am J Community Psychol. 2004;33:91\u2013106.","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"64_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.10013","volume":"30","author":"S McMahon","year":"2002","unstructured":"McMahon S, Watts R. Ethnic identity in urban African American youth: exploring links with self-worth, aggression and other psychosocial variables. J Community Psychol. 2002;30:411\u201332.","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"key":"64_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2307\/1519781","volume":"44","author":"RM Sellers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sellers RM, Caldwell CH, Schmeelk-Cone KH, Zimmeman MA. Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults. J Health Soc Behav. 2003;44:302\u201317.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"64_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00474","volume":"73","author":"CH Caldwell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Caldwell CH, Zimmerman MA, Bernat DH, Sellers RM, Notaro PC. Racial identity, maternal support, and psychological distress among African American adolescents. Child Dev. 2002;73:1322\u201336.","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"64_CR72","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"JL Hill","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hill JL, Mance GA, Anderson RE, Smith EP. The role of ethnic identity in interventions to promote positive adolescent development. Glob J Community Psychol Pract. 2012;2(3):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Glob J Community Psychol Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-014-0064-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-014-0064-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-014-0064-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T01:58:20Z","timestamp":1566266300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-014-0064-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["64"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-014-0064-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]]}}}