{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:04:17Z","timestamp":1790053457857,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["K12-HD105253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12-HD105253"]}]},{"name":"North Carolina Healthcare Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-024-02182-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T12:02:56Z","timestamp":1727697776000},"page":"3837-3847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Proactive Telephonic Outreach Program to Address Unmet Social Needs of Children in Immigrant and Refugee Families at a Federally Qualified Health Center"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Norton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Esmaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weston","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Labrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Crowder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2843-3812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rushina","family":"Cholera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2182_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20160339","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0339","volume":"137","author":"COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS","year":"2016","unstructured":"COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS. Poverty and Child Health in the United States. Pediatrics. 2016;137(4):e20160339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-0339.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10232","key":"2182_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30893-X","volume":"395","author":"AV Dorn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dorn AV, Cooney RE, Sabin ML. COVID-19 exacerbating inequalities in the US. Lancet. 2020;395(10232):1243\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30893-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2182_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228221128375","volume":"62","author":"E Ireson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ireson E, Burkhardt MC, DeBlasio D, et al. An assessment of a socioeconomic risk screening tool for telemedicine encounters in pediatric primary care: a pilot study. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2023;62(4):349\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00099228221128375.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2182_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659620902812","volume":"31","author":"M Tulli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tulli M, Salami B, Begashaw L, Meherali S, Yohani S, Hegadoren K. Immigrant mothers\u2019 perspectives of barriers and facilitators in accessing mental health care for their children. J Transcult Nurs. 2020;31(6):598\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1043659620902812.","journal-title":"J Transcult Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"2182_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2007.08.002","volume":"7","author":"L Ku","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ku L. Improving health insurance and access to care for children in immigrant families. Ambul Pediatr. 2007;7(6):412\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ambp.2007.08.002.","journal-title":"Ambul Pediatr"},{"key":"2182_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Browne DT, Smith JA, Basabose JDD. Refugee children and families during the COVID-19 crisis: a resilience framework for mental health. J Refug Stud. 2021;feaa113. Published 2021 Feb 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrs\/feaa113","DOI":"10.1093\/jrs\/feaa113"},{"issue":"2","key":"2182_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.01.001","volume":"16","author":"AF Beck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beck AF, Klein MD. Moving from social risk assessment and identification to intervention and treatment. Acad Pediatr. 2016;16(2):97\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2016.01.001.","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"2182_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.01.004","volume":"16","author":"AH Fierman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fierman AH, Beck AF, Chung EK, et al. Redesigning health care practices to address childhood poverty. Acad Pediatr. 2016;16(3 Suppl):S136\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2016.01.004.","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2182_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12390","volume":"97","author":"H Alderwick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alderwick H, Gottlieb LM. Meanings and misunderstandings: a social determinants of health lexicon for health care systems. Milbank Q. 2019;97(2):407\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1468-0009.12390.","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"2182_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.012","volume":"57","author":"NB Henrikson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henrikson NB, Blasi PR, Dorsey CN, et al. Psychometric and pragmatic properties of social risk screening tools: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(6 Suppl 1):S13\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.012.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2182_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.09.013","volume":"22","author":"D Cullen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cullen D, Wilson-Hall L, McPeak K, Fein J. Pediatric social risk screening: leveraging research to ensure equity. Acad Pediatr. 2022;22(2):190\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2021.09.013.","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"2182_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.010","volume":"57","author":"EH De Marchis","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Marchis EH, Hessler D, Fichtenberg C, et al. Part I: A quantitative study of social risk screening acceptability in patients and caregivers. Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(6 Suppl 1):S25\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.010.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2182_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2018.11.009","volume":"49","author":"CD Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang CD. Social determinants of health and health disparities among immigrants and their children. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2019;49(1):23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cppeds.2018.11.009.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"2182_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uwemedimo OT, May H. Disparities in utilization of social determinants of health referrals among children in immigrant families. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:207. Published 2018 Jul 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2018.00207","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00207"},{"issue":"1","key":"2182_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.5501","volume":"21","author":"S Sandhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sandhu S, Xu J, Blanchard L, et al. A community resource navigator model: utilizing student volunteers to integrate health and social care in a community health center setting. Int J Integr Care. 2021;21(1):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/ijic.5501.","journal-title":"Int J Integr Care"},{"key":"2182_CR16","unstructured":"North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy opportunities pilot. NCDHHS. https:\/\/www.ncdhhs.gov\/about\/department-initiatives\/healthy-opportunities\/healthy-opportunities-pilots. Published August 13, 2023. Accessed September 4, 2023."},{"key":"2182_CR17","unstructured":"North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. Screening Questions. NCDHHS. https:\/\/www.ncdhhs.gov\/about\/department-initiatives\/healthy-opportunities\/screening-questions. Accessed September 4, 2023."},{"key":"2182_CR18","unstructured":"PRAPARE: Protocol for Responding to and Assessing patients\u2019 Assets, Risks and Experiences.\u201cPRAPARE.\u201d http:\/\/www.nachc.org\/research-and-data\/prapare\/. Published 2017. Accessed September 4, 2023."},{"key":"2182_CR19","unstructured":"Latin-19. \u2018Who We Are\u2019. https:\/\/latin19.org\/who-we-are. Accessed August 9, 2023."},{"key":"2182_CR20","unstructured":"StataCorp. 2019. Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. College Station, Tx. StataCorp LLC."},{"key":"2182_CR21","unstructured":"StataCorp. 2021. Stata Statistical Software: Release 17. College Station, Tx. StataCorp LLC."},{"key":"2182_CR22","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2023. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical computing. Vienna, Austria. <https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/>."},{"key":"2182_CR23","unstructured":"Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations. State update. https:\/\/www.chcs.org\/resource\/medicaid-accountable-care- organizations-state-update\/. Published 2023. Accessed February 23, 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"2182_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05397-6","volume":"35","author":"C Hsu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hsu C, Cruz S, Placzek H, et al. Patient perspectives on addressing social needs in primary care using a screening and resource referral intervention. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;35(2):481\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05397-6.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2182_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2018.03.170297","volume":"31","author":"A Bazemore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bazemore A, Phillips RL Jr, Glazier R, Tepper J. Advancing primary care through alternative payment models: lessons from the United States & Canada. J Am Board Fam Med. 2018;31(3):322\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3122\/jabfm.2018.03.170297.","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2182_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.01656","volume":"39","author":"S Lindner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lindner S, Kaufman MR, Marino M, et al. A medicaid alternative payment model program in oregon led to reduced volume of imaging services. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39(7):1194\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.01656.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"19","key":"2182_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12668","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912668","volume":"19","author":"AL Steeves-Reece","year":"2022","unstructured":"Steeves-Reece AL, Nicolaidis C, Richardson DM, et al. \u201cIt made me feel like things are starting to change in society:\u201d a qualitative study to foster positive patient experiences during phone-based social needs interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191912668.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2182_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albert SM, McCracken P, Bui T, et al. Do patients want clinicians to ask about social needs and include this information in their medical record?. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):1275. Published 2022 Oct 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-022-08652-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08652-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"2182_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2022.220259R1","volume":"36","author":"AL Steeves-Reece","year":"2023","unstructured":"Steeves-Reece AL, Davis MM, Hiebert Larson J, et al. Patients\u2019 willingness to accept social needs navigation after in-person versus remote screening. J Am Board Fam Med. 2023;36(2):229\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3122\/jabfm.2022.220259R1.","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2182_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0012-1","volume":"84","author":"AF Beck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beck AF, Cohen AJ, Colvin JD, et al. Perspectives from the Society for Pediatric Research: interventions targeting social needs in pediatric clinical care. Pediatr Res. 2018;84(1):10\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-018-0012-1.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2182_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20220513.630666","author":"WK Bleser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bleser WK, Tchuisseu YP, Shen H, Thoumi A, Amin C, Kaye DR, McClellan MB, Saunders RS. ACO REACH and advancing equity through value-based payment, Part 1. Health Affairs (Forefront). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/forefront.20220513.630666.","journal-title":"Health Affairs (Forefront)"},{"key":"2182_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20220517.755520","author":"WK Bleser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bleser WK, Tchuisseu YP, Shen H, Thoumi A, Amin C, Kaye DR, McClellan MB, Saunders RS. ACO REACH and advancing equity through value-based payment, Part 2. Health Affairs (Forefront). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/forefront.20220517.755520.","journal-title":"Health Affairs (Forefront)"},{"key":"2182_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.05.058","volume":"185","author":"N Manian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manian N, Wagner CA, Placzek H, Darby BA, Kaiser TJ, Rog DJ. Relationship between intervention dosage and success of resource connections in a social needs intervention. Public Health. 2020;185:324\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.05.058.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2182_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bybee SG, Sharareh N, Guo JW, et al. A secondary data analysis of technology access as a determinant of health and impediment in social needs screening and referral processes. AJPM Focus. 2024;3(2):100189. Published 2024 Jan 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focus.2024.100189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2024.100189"},{"issue":"12","key":"2182_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2021-005903","volume":"11","author":"SB Schechter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schechter SB, Lakhaney D, Peretz PJ, Matiz LA. Community health worker intervention to address social determinants of health for children hospitalized with asthma. Hosp Pediatr. 2021;11(12):1370\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/hpeds.2021-005903.","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-024-02182-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-024-02182-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-024-02182-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T05:06:44Z","timestamp":1764047204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-024-02182-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-024-02182-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was deemed exempt from IRB approval by the Duke University Institutional Review Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}