{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T20:17:27Z","timestamp":1792959447771,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nga Pae o Te Maramatanga","award":["PhD scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD scholarship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010061","name":"University of Waikato","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PhD scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010061","name":"University of Waikato","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite universal provision of maternity care, M\u0101ori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa\/New Zealand) experience significant maternal and infant health disparities compared to their dominant P\u0101keh\u0101 (non-M\u0101ori) counterparts. This paper examined the lived realities of postnatal M\u0101ori m\u0101m\u0101 (mothers) engaging with health and social services. Enablers and barriers were identified to better understand what is required to strengthen health services\u2019 responsiveness to M\u0101ori m\u0101m\u0101 health needs and aspirations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Underpinned by Kaupapa M\u0101ori research principles, which are grounded in M\u0101ori cultural values, emphasising self-determination, and M\u0101ori aspirations, a small cohort of 17 expectant M\u0101ori m\u0101m\u0101 were recruited from a M\u0101ori childbirth education programme to participate in a three-phase study. Phase three, the focus of this paper, involved seven semi-structured, open-ended telephone interviews with M\u0101ori m\u0101m\u0101. A thematic analysis, underpinned by a mana wahine (authority inherent in M\u0101ori women) theoretical perspective amplified these experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five themes were identified that encapsulated participants\u2019 engagement and interactions with health and social services. These themes were as follows: (1) right to enact tino rangatiratanga (autonomy) and self-achievement; (2) responsiveness of services; (3) service and system issues; (4) need for greater choice and opportunity; and (5) impact of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study privileged the voices of M\u0101ori w\u0101hine, highlighting their experiences with a complex and often unresponsive health system. Participants valued services that enabled them to exercise tino rangatiratanga. Echoing the experiences of other Indigenous Peoples, incorporating culturally relevant practices into perinatal health services is crucial for achieving health equity and addressing disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02419-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T14:28:41Z","timestamp":1745332121000},"page":"2304-2317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Experiences of New Zealand M\u0101ori Mothers\u2019 Engagement with Health and Social Services Post-COVID-19 2020 Lockdown"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4250-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikki M.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8706-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisette","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-7103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polly","family":"Atatoa-Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0018-6936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2419_CR1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (2021). Maternity care. https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/your-health\/pregnancy-and-kids2023 Feb 22."},{"key":"2419_CR2","volume-title":"Hap\u016b ora: wellbeing in the early stages of life","author":"H Moewaka Barnes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moewaka Barnes H, Moewaka Barnes A, Baxter J, Crengle S, Pihama L, Ratima MM, Robson B. Hap\u016b ora: wellbeing in the early stages of life. Auckland (NZ): Wh\u0101riki Research Group, SHORE and Wh\u0101riki Research Centre, Massey University; 2013."},{"issue":"11","key":"2419_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13494","volume":"105","author":"E Mitchell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitchell E, Cowan S, Tipene-Leach D. The recent fall in postperinatal mortality in New Zealand and the Safe Sleep programme. Acta Paediatr. 2016;105(11):1312\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.13494.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2419_CR4","unstructured":"Waitangi Tribunal (2019). Hauora report on stage one of the health services and outcomes kaupapa inquiry: WAI 2575."},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-145","volume":"13","author":"S Filoche","year":"2013","unstructured":"Filoche S, Garrett S, Stanley J, Rose S, Robson B, Elley CR, Lawton B. W\u0101hine hauora: linking local hospital and national health information datasets to explore maternal risk factors and obstetric outcomes of New Zealand M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori women in relation to infant respiratory admissions and timely immunisations. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13(1):145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-13-145.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"9683","key":"2419_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60827-8","volume":"374","author":"M King","year":"2009","unstructured":"King M, Smith A, Gracey M. Indigenous health part 2: the underlying causes of the health gap. The Lancet. 2009;374(9683):76\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60827-8.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1492","key":"2419_CR7","first-page":"61","volume":"132","author":"H Came","year":"2019","unstructured":"Came H, McCreanor T, Manson L, Nuku K. Upholding Te Tiriti, ending institutional racism and Crown inaction on health equity. N Z Med J. 2019;132(1492):61\u20136.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR8","first-page":"209","volume":"22","author":"H Came","year":"2020","unstructured":"Came H, O\u2019Sullivan D, Kidd J, McCreanor T. The Waitangi Tribunal\u2019s WAI 2575 report: implications for decolonizing health systems. Health Hum Rights. 2020;22(1):209.","journal-title":"Health Hum Rights"},{"key":"2419_CR9","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembley (2007). United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples. https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/indigenouspeoples\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2018\/11\/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf12."},{"issue":"10196","key":"2419_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31238-3","volume":"394","author":"F Goodyear-Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goodyear-Smith F, Ashton T. New Zealand health system: universalism struggles with persisting inequities. The Lancet. 2019;394(10196):432\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31238-3.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2419_CR11","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Decolonization in Aotearoa: education, research and practice","author":"N Simmonds","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simmonds N, Gabel K. \u016akaip\u014d: decolonisation and M\u0101ori maternities. In: Hutchings J, Lee-Morgan J, editors. Decolonization in Aotearoa: education, research and practice. Wellington (NZ): New Zealand Council Education Research Press; 2016. p. 145\u201357."},{"key":"2419_CR12","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Everyday knowledge, education and sustainable futures","author":"N Simmonds","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simmonds N. Transformative maternities: Indigenous stories as resistance and reclamation in Aotearoa New Zealand. In: Roberston M, Tsang P, editors. Everyday knowledge, education and sustainable futures. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 71\u201388."},{"issue":"2","key":"2419_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.673.30.2.156","volume":"30","author":"J Stojanovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stojanovic J. Midwifery in New Zealand 1904\u20131971. Contemp Nurse. 2008;30(2):156\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5172\/conu.673.30.2.156.","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"issue":"2","key":"2419_CR14","first-page":"14","volume":"23","author":"H Waitere","year":"2009","unstructured":"Waitere H, Johnston P. Echoed silences: in absentia: mana wahine in institutional contexts. Women\u2019s Stud J. 2009;23(2):14\u201331.","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Stud J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2419_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2009.01.004","volume":"26","author":"DL Davis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davis DL, Walker K. Case-loading midwifery in New Zealand: making space for childbirth. Midwifery. 2010;26(6):603\u20138.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"2419_CR16","unstructured":"Te Tatau o te Whare Kahu Midwifery Council (2022). Policy for issue of practising certificates."},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/03036758.2019.1668439","volume":"49","author":"H Moewaka Barnes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moewaka Barnes H, McCreanor T. Colonisation, hauora and whenua in Aotearoa. J R Soc N Z. 2019;49(1):19\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03036758.2019.1668439.","journal-title":"J R Soc N Z"},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s12546-016-9159-y","volume":"33","author":"Y Paradies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paradies Y. Colonisation, racism and indigenous health. J Popul Res. 2016;33(1):83\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12546-016-9159-y.","journal-title":"J Popul Res"},{"key":"2419_CR19","unstructured":"Reid J, Rout M, Te Maire Tau, Smith CW & Ng\u0101i Tahu Research Centre 2017 The colonising environment: an aetiology of the trauma of settler colonisation and land alienation on Ng\u0101i Tahu wh\u0101nau University of Canterbury Ng\u0101i Tahu Research Centre Canterbury (NZ)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2419_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2019.1686461","volume":"31","author":"HA Came","year":"2021","unstructured":"Came HA, Herbert S, McCreanor T. Representations of M\u0101ori in colonial health policy in Aotearoa from 2006\u20132016: a barrier to the pursuit of health equity. Crit Public Health. 2021;31(3):338\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09581596.2019.1686461.","journal-title":"Crit Public Health"},{"issue":"1393","key":"2419_CR21","first-page":"52","volume":"127","author":"C Makowharemahihi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makowharemahihi C, Lawton B, Cram F, Ngata T, Brown S, Robson B. Initiation of maternity care for young Maori women under 20 years of age. N Z Med J. 2014;127(1393):52\u201361.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2419_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.4.299","volume":"154","author":"C Jones","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jones C. Invited commentary: \u201crace\u201d, racism, and the practice of epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(4):299\u2013304.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-016-0443-4","volume":"15","author":"L B\u00e9cares","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u00e9cares L, Atatoa-Carr P. The association between maternal and partner experienced racial discrimination and prenatal perceived stress, prenatal and postnatal depression: findings from the growing up in New Zealand cohort study. Int J Equity Health. 2016;15(1):155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-016-0443-4.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7598-z","volume":"19","author":"Z Thayer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thayer Z, B\u00e9cares L, Atatoa Carr P. Maternal experiences of ethnic discrimination and subsequent birth outcomes in Aotearoa New Zealand. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7598-z.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2419_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.12784\/nzcomjnl52.2016.9.56-61","volume":"52","author":"C Houkamau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Houkamau C, Tipene-Leach D, Clarke K. The high price of being labelled \u201chigh risk\u201d: social context as a health determinant for sudden unexpected infant death in M\u0101ori communities. New Zealand Coll Midwives J. 2016;52:56\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12784\/nzcomjnl52.2016.9.56-61.","journal-title":"New Zealand Coll Midwives J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2419_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1071\/PY19025_CO","volume":"25","author":"B Masters-Awatere","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masters-Awatere B, Graham R. Wh\u0101nau M\u0101ori explain how the Harti Hauora Tool assists with better access to health services. Aust J Prim Health. 2019;25(5):515\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/PY19025_CO.","journal-title":"Aust J Prim Health"},{"key":"2419_CR27","unstructured":"Pihama, L. (2011). Overview of M\u0101ori teen pregnancy. Auckland (NZ): Families Commison"},{"issue":"3","key":"2419_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/117718011300900305","volume":"9","author":"B Lawton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawton B, Cram F, Makowharemahihi C, Ngata T, Robson B, Brown S, Campbell W. Developing a kaupapa M\u0101ori research project to help reduce health disparities experienced by young M\u0101ori women and their babies. AlterNative. 2013;9(3):246\u201361.","journal-title":"AlterNative"},{"issue":"2","key":"2419_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.20507\/AlterNative.2016.12.2.2","volume":"12","author":"K Stevenson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stevenson K, Filoche S, Cram F, Lawton B. Lived realities: birthing experiences of M\u0101ori women under 20 years of age. AlterNative. 2016;12(2):124\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20507\/AlterNative.2016.12.2.2.","journal-title":"AlterNative"},{"key":"2419_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.06.002","volume":"199","author":"H Came","year":"2018","unstructured":"Came H, Doole C, McKenna B, McCreanor T. Institutional racism in public health contracting: findings of a nationwide survey from New Zealand. Soc Sci Med. 2018;199:132\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.06.002.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2419_CR31","first-page":"298","volume":"33","author":"P Jansen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jansen P, Smith K. Maori experiences of primary health care. New Zealand Fam Phys. 2006;33(5):298\u2013300.","journal-title":"New Zealand Fam Phys"},{"key":"2419_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-019-1057-4","volume":"18","author":"SC Palmer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palmer SC, Gray H, Huria T, Lacey C, Beckert L, Pitama SG. Reported M\u0101ori consumer experiences of health systems and programs in qualitative research: a systematic review with meta-synthesis. Int J Equity Health. 2019;18:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"2419_CR33","first-page":"7","volume":"209","author":"ME Turpel-Lafond","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turpel-Lafond ME, Johnson H. In plain sight: addressing Indigenous-specific racism and discrimination in BC health care. BC Stud. 2021;209:7\u201317.","journal-title":"BC Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"2419_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01419","volume":"41","author":"TGA Solomon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Solomon TGA, Starks RRB, Attakai A, Molina F, Cordova-Marks F, Kahn-John M, et al. The generational impact of racism on health: voices from American Indian communities: study examines the generational impact of racism on the health of American Indian communities and people. Health Aff. 2022;41(2):281\u20138.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"3","key":"2419_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"N Awofeso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Awofeso N. Racism: a major impediment to optimal Indigenous health and health care in Australia. Aust Indigenous Health Bull. 2011;11(3):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Aust Indigenous Health Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01500-8","volume":"20","author":"SL Fraser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fraser SL, Gaulin D, Fraser WD. Dissecting systemic racism: policies, practices and epistemologies creating racialized systems of care for Indigenous peoples. Int J Equity Health. 2021;20(1):164.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"2419_CR37","unstructured":"Pihama, L., Simmonds, N., & Waitoki, W. (2019). Te taonga o taku ng\u0101kau: ancestral knowledge and the wellbeing of tamariki M\u0101ori"},{"key":"2419_CR38","volume-title":"Decolonizing methodologies: research and indigenous peoples","author":"LT Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith LT. Decolonizing methodologies: research and indigenous peoples. Dunedin (NZ): University of Otago Press; 1999."},{"key":"2419_CR39","unstructured":"Smith, L. T. (2017). Towards developing indigenous methodologies: Kaupapa M\u0101ori research. In T. Hoskins, & A. Jones (Eds.), Critical conversations in Kaupapa M\u0101ori. Wellington, New Zealand: Huia Publishers."},{"issue":"2","key":"2419_CR40","first-page":"11","volume":"25","author":"N Simmonds","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simmonds N. Mana wahine: decolonising politics. Women\u2019s Stud J. 2011;25(2):11.","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Stud J"},{"key":"2419_CR41","unstructured":"Social Wellbeing Agency (2022). Te Ao M\u0101ori perspective of what works to support wellbeing in the first thousand days. A research report prepared for the Social Wellbeing Agency. Wellington: NZ."},{"key":"2419_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.13015","author":"M McLeod","year":"2020","unstructured":"McLeod M, Gurney J, Harris R, Cormack D, King P. COVID-19: we must not forget about Indigenous health and equity. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-6405.13015.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2419_CR43","first-page":"217","volume":"19","author":"NM Barrett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barrett NM, Burrows L, Atatoa-Carr P, Smith LT. Reflections on the co-design process of a holistic assessment tool for a Kaupapa M\u0101ori antenatal w\u0101nanga (workshop). K\u014dtuitui. 2023;19(3):217\u201337.","journal-title":"K\u014dtuitui"},{"key":"2419_CR44","volume-title":"Tikanga M\u00e4ori: living by Maori values","author":"HM Mead","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mead HM. Tikanga M\u00e4ori: living by Maori values. Wellington, NZ: Huia Publisher; 2003."},{"key":"2419_CR45","first-page":"60","volume":"29","author":"R Jones","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jones R, Crengle S, McCreanor T. How tikanga guides and protects the research process: insights from the Hauora T\u0101ne project. Soc Policy J N Z. 2006;29:60.","journal-title":"Soc Policy J N Z"},{"key":"2419_CR46","unstructured":"Smith, L. T. (2015). Kaupapa M\u0101ori Research-Some Kaupapa M\u0101ori Principles. In L. Pihama, S. Tiakiwai, & K. Southey (Eds.), Kaupapa rangahau: a reader. A collection of readings from the kaupapa rangahau workshop series (pp. 46\u201353)."},{"key":"2419_CR47","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (2020). Our Reponse to Covid-19. https:\/\/covid19.govt.nz\/."},{"issue":"7","key":"2419_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415582053","volume":"49","author":"M Crowe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crowe M, Inder M, Porter R. Conducting qualitative research in mental health: thematic and content analyses. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015;49(7):616\u201323.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2419_CR49","first-page":"27","volume":"121","author":"T Walker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walker T, Signal L, Russell M, Smiler K, Tuhiwai-Ruru R. The road we travel: M\u0101ori experience of cancer. N Z Med J. 2008;121:27\u201335.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2419_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.12.009","volume":"34","author":"KH Seear","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seear KH, Spry EP, Carlin E, Atkinson DN, Marley JV. Aboriginal women\u2019s experiences of strengths and challenges of antenatal care in the Kimberley: a qualitative study. Women Birth. 2021;34(6):570\u20137.","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"2419_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamoud, Y. A. (2023). Vital signs: maternity care experiences\u2014United States, April 2023. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 72.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7235e1"},{"issue":"5","key":"2419_CR52","first-page":"335","volume":"13","author":"F Kolahdooz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kolahdooz F, Launier K, Nader F, Yi KJ, Baker P, McHugh T-L, et al. Canadian Indigenous women\u2019s perspectives of maternal health and health care services: a systematic review. Divers Equal Health Care. 2016;13(5):335.","journal-title":"Divers Equal Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2419_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2019.06.017","volume":"32","author":"R Marriott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marriott R, Reibel T, Coffin J, Gliddon J, Griffin D, Robinson M, et al. \u201cOur culture, how it is to be us\u201d\u2014listening to Aboriginal women about on Country urban birthing. Women Birth. 2019;32(5):391\u2013403.","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2419_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12971","volume":"44","author":"R Graham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graham R, Masters-Awatere B. Experiences of M\u0101ori of Aotearoa New Zealand\u2019s public health system: a systematic review of two decades of published qualitative research. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2020;44(3):193\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-6405.12971.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2419_CR55","first-page":"30","volume":"200","author":"P Jansen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jansen P, Bacal K, Crengle S. He Ritenga Whakaaro: M\u0101ori experiences of health services. Hospital. 2008;200:30\u20137.","journal-title":"Hospital."},{"issue":"4","key":"2419_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/03036758.2022.2075401","volume":"52","author":"LK Edmonds","year":"2022","unstructured":"Edmonds LK, Cram F, Bennett M, Lambert C, Adcock A, Stevenson K, et al. Hap\u016b Ora (pregnancy wellness): M\u0101ori research responses from conception, through pregnancy and \u2018the first 1000 days\u2019\u2013 a call to action for us all. J R Soc N Z. 2022;52(4):318\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03036758.2022.2075401.","journal-title":"J R Soc N Z"},{"issue":"3","key":"2419_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1353\/aiq.2000.0008","volume":"24","author":"J Lawrence","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lawrence J. The Indian health service and the sterilization of Native American women. Am Indian Q. 2000;24(3):400\u201319.","journal-title":"Am Indian Q"},{"key":"2419_CR58","unstructured":"Stote, K. (2015). An act of genocide: colonialism and the sterilization of Aboriginal women: Fernwood Publishing."},{"issue":"12","key":"2419_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2019.1639706","volume":"40","author":"KM Lawford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lawford KM, Bourgeault IL, Giles AR. \u201cThis policy sucks and it\u2019s stupid:\u201d mapping maternity care for First Nations women on reserves in Manitoba Canada. Health Care Women Int. 2019;40(12):1302\u201335.","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"key":"2419_CR60","unstructured":"Pihama, L., & Lee-Morgan, J. (2022). Tiakina te P\u0101 Harakeke: ancestral knowledge and tamariki wellbeing. Wellington, NZ: Huia."},{"key":"2419_CR61","unstructured":"Pihama, L., & Smith, L. T. (2023). Ora: healing ourselves: Indigenous knowledge, healing and wellbeing: Huia Publishers Wellington."},{"key":"2419_CR62","unstructured":"Health New Zealand Te Whatu Ora (2023). Kaupapa M\u0101ori maternity service opens in Western Bay of Plenty. https:\/\/www.tewhatuora.govt.nz\/corporate-information\/news-and-updates\/older-news-items\/kaupapa-maori-maternity-service-opens-in-western-bay-of-plenty\/#:~:text=Services%20include%20providing%20w%C4%81nanga%20involving,a%20traditional%20wellbeing%20and%20healing. Accessed July 20 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR63","first-page":"50","volume":"10","author":"NM Barrett","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barrett NM, Burrows L, Atatoa-Carr P, Smith LT. Hap\u016b W\u0101nanga: a Kaupapa M\u0101ori childbirth education class for M\u0101ori and non-M\u0101ori m\u0101m\u0101 hap\u016b and wh\u0101nau. Mai J. 2022;10(1):50\u201368.","journal-title":"Mai J"},{"key":"2419_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.12.019","volume":"150","author":"J Smylie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smylie J, Kirst M, McShane K, Firestone M, Wolfe S, O\u2019Campo P. Understanding the role of Indigenous community participation in Indigenous prenatal and infant-toddler health promotion programs in Canada: a realist review. Soc Sci Med. 2016;150:128\u201343.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2419_CR65","unstructured":"Tupara, H., & Tahere, M. (2020). Rapua te Aronga-a-Hine: the M\u0101ori midwifery workforce."},{"key":"2419_CR66","unstructured":"Savage, C., Hynds, A., Goldsmith, L., Kus-Harbord, L., & H\u0113mi, H. T. (2020). Evaluation for Kia Ora Hauora May 2020 National Workforce Development Programme. Christchurch, NZ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2419_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2019.06.012","volume":"32","author":"R Marriott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marriott R, Strobel NA, Kendall S, Bowen A, Eades A-M, Landes JK, et al. Cultural security in the perinatal period for Indigenous women in urban areas: a scoping review. Women Birth. 2019;32(5):412\u201326.","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"4","key":"2419_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15912","volume":"80","author":"E Komene","year":"2024","unstructured":"Komene E, Pene B, Gerard D, Parr J, Aspinall C, Wilson D. Whakawhanaungatanga\u2014building trust and connections: a qualitative study indigenous M\u0101ori patients and wh\u0101nau (extended family network) hospital experiences. J Adv Nurs. 2024;80(4):1545\u201358.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"2419_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e059323","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059323","volume":"12","author":"M Corso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corso M, DeSouza A, Brunton G, Yu H, Cancelliere C, Mior S, et al. Integrating Indigenous healing practices within collaborative care models in primary healthcare in Canada: a rapid scoping review. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e059323.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/10376178.2022.2027254","volume":"58","author":"S McGough","year":"2022","unstructured":"McGough S, Wynaden D, Gower S, Duggan R, Wilson R. There is no health without cultural safety: why cultural safety matters. Contemp Nurse. 2022;58(1):33\u201342.","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"key":"2419_CR71","unstructured":"Te Tatau o te Whare Kahu Midwifery Council (2024). Te whaka\u016b tiwhikete | Recertification. https:\/\/midwiferycouncil.health.nz\/Public\/Public\/06.-I-am-a-registered-midwife\/3.-Recertification.aspx. Accessed August 8 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"2419_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daaa128","volume":"36","author":"T Harding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harding T, Oetzel JG, Foote J, Hepi M. Perceptions of co-designing health promotion interventions with Indigenous communities in New Zealand. Health Promot Int. 2021;36(4):964\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapro\/daaa128.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"2419_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carlson, T., Barnes, H. M., & McCreanor, T. (2017). Kaupapa M\u0101ori evaluation: a collaborative journey. Evaluation Matters\u2014He Take T\u014d Te Aromatawai 3 67\u201399, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18296\/em.0023.","DOI":"10.18296\/em.0023"},{"key":"2419_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115315","volume":"319","author":"H Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown H, Bryder L. Universal healthcare for all? M\u0101ori health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand 1975\u20132000. Soc Sci Med. 2022;319:115315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115315.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2419_CR75","unstructured":"Health and Disability Systematic Review (2020). Health and disability system review: final report. Wellington, New Zealand."},{"key":"2419_CR76","unstructured":"Dawson, P. G. (2021). What are the barriers to equitable maternal health in Aotearoa New Zealand?. University of Otago,"},{"key":"2419_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100947","volume":"37","author":"R Townsend","year":"2021","unstructured":"Townsend R, Chmielewska B, Barratt I, Kalafat E, van der Meulen J, Gurol-Urganci I, et al. Global changes in maternity care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;37:100947.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2419_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12580","volume":"49","author":"C Adams","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adams C. Pregnancy and birth in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: the views of doulas. Birth. 2022;49(1):116\u201322.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"2419_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359827","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2024.1359827","volume":"9","author":"H Thorpe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thorpe H, Barrett N, Nemani MJ, O\u2019Leary G, Ahmad N. \u201cIt made me feel like a shit parent\u201d: an intersectional analysis of pandemic mothering. Front Sociol. 2024;9:1359827.","journal-title":"Front Sociol"},{"key":"2419_CR80","unstructured":"Hannah, K., Hattotuwa, S., & Taylor, K. (2021). Working Paper: Mis- and disinformation in Aotearoa New Zealand from 17 August to 5 November 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"2419_CR81","first-page":"92","volume":"9","author":"L Pihama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pihama L, Lipsham M. Noho haumaru: reflecting on M\u0101ori approaches to staying safe during COVID-19 in Aotearoa (New Zealand). J Indig Soc Dev. 2020;9(3):92\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Indig Soc Dev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02419-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02419-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02419-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T15:42:14Z","timestamp":1778341334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02419-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02419-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}