{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T21:10:37Z","timestamp":1778361037541,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02430-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T11:12:46Z","timestamp":1745925166000},"page":"2438-2451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Among Black Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the USA"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4725-0448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Comfort Z.","family":"Olorunsaiye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-9964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Degge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustus","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dejenaba N.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084429","volume":"19","author":"C Cadeddu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cadeddu C, Regazzi L, Bonaccorsi G, Rosano A, Unim B, Griebler R, et al. The determinants of vaccine literacy in the Italian population: results from the health literacy survey 2019. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:4429.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2430_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12040422","volume":"12","author":"LR Biasio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Biasio LR, Zanobini P, Lorini C, Bonaccorsi G. Perspectives in the development of tools to assess vaccine literacy. Vaccines. 2024;12:422.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2430_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-022-01118-z","volume":"47","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang L, Riggan KA, Ashby GB, Rivera-Chiauzzi EY, Allyse MA. Pregnant and postpartum patients\u2019 views of COVID-19 vaccination. J Community Health. 2022;47:871\u20138.","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"2430_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112886","volume":"11","author":"S Virk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Virk S, Gangu K, Nasrullah A, Shah A, Faiz Z, Khan U, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes across trimesters in the United States. Biomedicines. 2023;11:2886.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2430_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04337-9","volume":"21","author":"S Kolker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kolker S, Biringer A, Bytautas J, Blumenfeld H, Kukan S, Carroll JC. Pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploration of patients\u2019 lived experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21:851.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2430_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0290343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290343","volume":"18","author":"APB dos Santos","year":"2023","unstructured":"dos Santos APB, Vicente CR, Cola JP, Tanaka LF, Garbin JRT, Dell\u2019Antonio LS, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on maternal death and fetal death, a cohort study in Brazil. PLoS ONE. 2023;18:e0290343.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2430_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-06098-z","volume":"23","author":"R Gholami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gholami R, Borumandnia N, Kalhori E, Taheri M, Khodakarami N. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy outcome. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23:811.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2430_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01798-1","volume":"18","author":"R Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang R, Mei H, Zheng T, Fu Q, Zhang Y, Buka S, et al. Pregnant women with COVID-19 and risk of adverse birth outcomes and maternal-fetal vertical transmission: a population-based cohort study in Wuhan. China BMC Med. 2020;18:330.","journal-title":"China BMC Med"},{"key":"2430_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m3320","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3320","volume":"370","author":"J Allotey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allotey J, Fernandez S, Bonet M, Stallings E, Yap M, Kew T, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m3320.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2430_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahmani K, Shavaleh R, Forouhi M, Disfani HF, Kamandi M, Oskooi RK, et al. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jul 31];10. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/public-health\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.873596\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.873596\/full"},{"key":"2430_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.09.094","volume":"40","author":"Y Takahashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takahashi Y, Ishitsuka K, Sampei M, Okawa S, Hosokawa Y, Ishiguro A, et al. COVID-19 vaccine literacy and vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women and mothers of young children in Japan. Vaccine. 2022;40:6849\u201356.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2430_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11030438","volume":"11","author":"A Njoku","year":"2023","unstructured":"Njoku A, Evans M, Nimo-Sefah L, Bailey J. Listen to the whispers before they become screams: addressing Black maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Healthcare. 2023;11:438.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"2430_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-023-01670-4","volume":"20","author":"AA Dahl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dahl AA, Yada FN, Butts SJ, Tolley A, Hirsch S, Lalgondar P, et al. Contextualizing the experiences of Black pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: \u2018it\u2019s been a lonely ride.\u2019 Reprod Health. 2023;20:124.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2430_CR14","unstructured":"Hill L, Published SA. COVID-19 cases and deaths by race\/ethnicity: current data and changes over time [Internet]. KFF. 2022 [cited 2024 Jul 31]. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/www.kff.org\/coronavirus-covid-19\/issue-brief\/covid-19-cases-and-deaths-by-race-ethnicity-current-data-and-changes-over-time\/. Accessed 31 Jul 2024."},{"key":"2430_CR15","unstructured":"Gould E, Wilson V. Black workers face two of the most lethal preexisting conditions for coronavirus\u2014racism and economic inequality | Policy Commons. [cited 2024 Jul 31]; Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/policycommons.net\/artifacts\/1409559\/black-workers-face-two-of-the-most-lethal-preexisting-conditions-for-coronavirus-racism-and-economic-inequality\/2023822\/.\u00a0Accessed 31 Jul 2024."},{"key":"2430_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singu S, Acharya A, Challagundla K, Byrareddy SN. Impact of social determinants of health on the emerging COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Jul 31];8. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/public-health\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00406\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00406\/full"},{"key":"2430_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoyert DL. Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jul 31]. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/hestat\/maternal-mortality\/2021\/maternal-mortality-rates-2021.htm. Accessed 31 Jul 2024.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:124678"},{"key":"2430_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605606","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605606","volume":"68","author":"E Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang E, Dai Z, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang X, Fang Q. Vaccine literacy and vaccination: a systematic review. Int J Public Health. 2023;68:1605606.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"2430_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2310360","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2024.2310360","volume":"20","author":"LR Biasio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Biasio LR, Lorini C, Zanobini P, Bonaccorsi G. The still unexplored mediating role of vaccine literacy. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2024;20:2310360.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"2430_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300848","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2300848","volume":"20","author":"C Isonne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Isonne C, Iera J, Sciurti A, Renzi E, De Blasiis MR, Marzuillo C, et al. How well does vaccine literacy predict intention to vaccinate and vaccination status? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2024;20:2300848.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"2430_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205031212311978","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231197869","volume":"11","author":"ET Fenta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fenta ET, Tiruneh MG, Delie AM, Kidie AA, Ayal BG, Limenh LW, et al. Health literacy and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance worldwide: a systematic review. SAGE Open Med. 2023;11:20503121231197868.","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"2430_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091482","volume":"10","author":"W Maki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maki W, Ishitsuka K, Yamaguchi K, Morisaki N. Vaccine literacy, COVID-19 vaccine-related concerns, and intention to recommend COVID-19 vaccines of healthcare workers in a pediatric and maternity hospital: a cross-sectional study. Vaccines. 2022;10:1482.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2430_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s12111-022-09591-5","volume":"26","author":"IA Ogueji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogueji IA, DemokoCeccaldi BM, Okoloba MM, Maloba M, Adejumo AO, Ogunsola OO. Black people narrate inequalities in healthcare systems that hinder COVID-19 vaccination: evidence from the USA and the UK. J Afr Am Stud. 2022;26:297\u2013313.","journal-title":"J Afr Am Stud"},{"key":"2430_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AuYoung M, Rodriguez Espinosa P, Chen W, Juturu P, Young M-EDT, Casillas A, et al. Addressing racial\/ethnic inequities in vaccine hesitancy and uptake: lessons learned from the California alliance against COVID-19. J Behav Med. 2023;46:153\u201366.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-022-00284-8"},{"key":"2430_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2264","volume":"325","author":"R Rubin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rubin R. Pregnant people\u2019s paradox\u2014excluded from vaccine trials despite having a higher risk of COVID-19 complications. JAMA. 2021;325:1027\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2430_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01434-z","volume":"10","author":"M Obasanya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Obasanya M, Igenoza O, Gupta S, McElroy K, Brannon GE, Brown K. Racial and ethnic differences in maternal and child COVID-19 vaccination intent among pregnant and postpartum women in the USA (April\u2013June 2020): an application of health belief model. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023;10:2540\u201351.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2430_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e505","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2023.142","volume":"17","author":"Z Da\u015f\u0131kan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Da\u015f\u0131kan Z, Ekrem EC, K\u0131ratl\u0131 D. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant women of reproductive age in Turkey: a cross-sectional analytical study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2023;17:e505.","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"2430_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gocm.2022.01.007","volume":"2","author":"E Lamptey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lamptey E. Overcoming barriers to COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women. Gynecol Obstet Clin Med. 2022;2:29\u201333.","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Clin Med"},{"key":"2430_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50443","DOI":"10.2196\/50443","volume":"11","author":"C Garrett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garrett C, Aghaei A, Aggarwal A, Qiao S. The role of social media in the experiences of COVID-19 among long-hauler women: qualitative study. JMIR Hum Factors. 2024;11:e50443.","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"key":"2430_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000377","volume":"33","author":"EM Wright","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wright EM, Matthai MT, Meyer E. The influence of social media on intrapartum decision making: a scoping review. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2019;33:291.","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2430_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01368-6","volume":"10","author":"KM Morgan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morgan KM, Maglalang DD, Monnig MA, Ahluwalia JS, Avila JC, Sokolovsky AW. Medical mistrust, perceived discrimination, and race: a longitudinal analysis of predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in US adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023;10:1846\u201355.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2430_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01437-w","volume":"10","author":"C Roat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roat C, Webber-Ritchey KJ, Spurlark RS, Lee Y-M. Black Americans receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and effective strategies to overcome barriers: an integrative literature review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023;10:2577\u201387.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2430_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Restrepo N, Krouse HJ. COVID-19 disparities and vaccine hesitancy in Black Americans: what ethical lessons can be learned? [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jul 31]. Available from: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/ , https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01945998211065410?casa_token=G4esPNi54CkAAAAA%3AxkzmQixbL4nR9mSFZs5uDQwZP3NTe7gEenc_skMQMnI190qF5obrUOM5cluraXfSSCqjLp1v3cUQ. Accessed 28 Jul 2024.","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211065410?casa_token=G4esPNi54CkAAAAA%3AxkzmQixbL4nR9mSFZs5uDQwZP3NTe7gEenc_skMQMnI190qF5obrUOM5cluraXfSSCqjLp1v3cUQ"},{"key":"2430_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.171058","volume":"100","author":"CL Ford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ford CL, Airhihenbuwa CO. Critical race theory, race equity, and public health: toward antiracism Praxis. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:S30\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2430_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.07.030","volume":"71","author":"CL Ford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ford CL, Airhihenbuwa CO. The public health critical race methodology: praxis for antiracism research. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71:1390\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2430_CR36","unstructured":"Barber S, Headen I, Branch B, Tabb L, Yadeta K. COVID-19 in context: racism, segregation, and racial inequities in Philadelphia [Internet]. Drexel Univ. Urban Health Collab. 2020 [cited 2024 Apr 27]. Available from: https:\/\/drexel.edu\/uhc\/resources\/briefs\/Covid-19 in Context\/. Accessed 27 Apr 2024.\u00a0"},{"key":"2430_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004791","volume":"139","author":"HH Burris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burris HH, Mullin AM, Dhudasia MB, Flannery DD, Mukhopadhyay S, Pfeifer MR, et al. Neighborhood characteristics and racial disparities in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Seropositivity in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2022;139:1018.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2430_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000130","volume":"8","author":"GC Gee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gee GC, Ford CL. Structural racism and health inequities: old issues, new directions. Du Bois Rev Soc Sci Res Race. 2011;8:115\u201332.","journal-title":"Du Bois Rev Soc Sci Res Race"},{"key":"2430_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113475","volume":"293","author":"RE Gur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gur RE, White LK, Waller R, Barzilay R, Moore TM, Kornfield S, et al. The disproportionate burden of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant Black women. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113475.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2430_CR40","unstructured":"Cooper K. Philadelphia is \u2018America\u2019s poorest big city.\u2019 Here\u2019s what that actually means [Internet]. WHYY. [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/whyy.org\/articles\/philadelphia-americas-poorest-big-city-poverty\/. Accessed 31 May 2024."},{"key":"2430_CR41","unstructured":"Maternal mortality report finds non-Hispanic Black women represent 73% of pregnancy-related deaths in Philadelphia [Internet]. Philadelphia, PA: City of Philadelphia Department of Public Health; 2024 Feb. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/www.phila.gov\/2021-03-23-maternal-mortality-report-finds-non-hispanic-black-women-represent-73-of-pregnancy-related-deaths-in-philadelphia\/.\u00a0Accessed 31 Jul 2024."},{"key":"2430_CR42","first-page":"n434","volume":"372","author":"S Redman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Redman S, Greenhalgh T, Adedokun L, Staniszewska S, Denegri S. Committee on behalf of the C of KCS. Co-production of knowledge: the future BMJ. 2021;372:n434.","journal-title":"Co-production of knowledge: the future BMJ"},{"key":"2430_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440903194015","volume":"25","author":"JJ Francis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Francis JJ, Johnston M, Robertson C, Glidewell L, Entwistle V, Eccles MP, et al. What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psychol Health. 2010;25:1229\u201345.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"2430_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"2430_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.03.044","volume":"40","author":"LA Simmons","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simmons LA, Whipps MDM, Phipps JE, Satish NS, Swamy GK. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine uptake during pregnancy: \u2018hesitance\u2019, knowledge, and evidence-based decision-making. Vaccine. 2022;40:2755\u201360.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2430_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051090","volume":"15","author":"E Maisonneuve","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maisonneuve E, Gerbier E, Tauqeer F, Pomar L, Favre G, Winterfeld U, et al. Determinants of vaccination and willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among pregnant and postpartum women during the third wave of the pandemic: a European multinational cross-sectional survey. Viruses. 2023;15:1090.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2430_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.05.003","volume":"35","author":"H Gencer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gencer H, \u00d6zkan S, Vardar O, Ser\u00e7eku\u015f P. The effects of the COVID 19 pandemic on vaccine decisions in pregnant women. Women Birth. 2022;35:317\u201323.","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"2430_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutierrez S, Logan R, Marshall C, Kerns J, Diamond-Smith N. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccination likelihood among reproductive-aged women in the United States. Public Health Reports\u00ae. 2022;137:588\u201396.","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549221081123"},{"key":"2430_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22851","volume":"50","author":"ML Redmond","year":"2022","unstructured":"Redmond ML, Mayes P, Morris K, Ramaswamy M, Ault KA, Smith SA. Learning from maternal voices on COVID-19 vaccine uptake: perspectives from pregnant women living in the Midwest on the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine. J Community Psychol. 2022;50:2630\u201343.","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"key":"2430_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e061477","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061477","volume":"12","author":"O Bhattacharya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhattacharya O, Siddiquea BN, Shetty A, Afroz A, Billah B. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e061477.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2430_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2144470","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.44470","volume":"5","author":"TJ Padamsee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Padamsee TJ, Bond RM, Dixon GN, Hovick SR, Na K, Nisbet EC, et al. Changes in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black and White individuals in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2144470.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2430_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2023.100230","volume":"3","author":"OO Harris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harris OO, Perry TE, Johnson JK, Lichtenberg P, Washington T, Kitt B, et al. Understanding the concept of trust and other factors related to COVID-19 vaccine intentions among Black\/African American older adults prior to vaccine development. SSM - Qual Res Health. 2023;3:100230.","journal-title":"SSM - Qual Res Health"},{"key":"2430_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.11001.x","volume":"17","author":"GR Bergus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bergus GR, Levin IP, Elstein AS. Presenting risks and benefits to patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17:612\u20137.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2430_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2023.2252367","volume":"28","author":"CM Zelaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zelaya CM, Francis DB, Williams LB. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine knowledge, beliefs, and trusted information sources among Black women in Kentucky: implications for vaccine uptake. J Health Commun. 2023;28:680\u20138.","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"2430_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10071046","volume":"10","author":"R Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang R, Qiao S, McKeever BW, Olatosi B, Li X. Listening to voices from African American communities in the southern states about COVID-19 vaccine information and communication: a qualitative study. Vaccines. 2022;10:1046.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2430_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.05.047","volume":"41","author":"SL Mitchell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mitchell SL, Schulkin J, Power ML. Vaccine hesitancy in pregnant Women: a narrative review. Vaccine. 2023;41:4220\u20137.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2430_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razzaghi H. COVID-19 vaccination coverage among pregnant women during pregnancy \u2014 eight integrated health care organizations, United States, December 14, 2020\u2013May 8, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 May 3];70. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/70\/wr\/mm7024e2.htm. Accessed 3 May 2024.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7024e2"},{"key":"2430_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2019.0009","volume":"30","author":"CM Tucker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tucker CM, Kang S, Ukonu NA, Linn GS, DiSangro CS, Arthur TM, et al. A culturally sensitive church-based health-smart intervention for increasing health literacy and health-promoting behaviors among Black adult churchgoers. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2019;30:80\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"2430_CR59","first-page":"e138","volume":"4","author":"B Muvuka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muvuka B, Combs RM, Ayangeakaa SD, Ali NM, Wendel ML, Jackson T. Health literacy in African-American communities: barriers and strategies. HLRP Health Lit Res Pract. 2020;4:e138\u201343.","journal-title":"HLRP Health Lit Res Pract"},{"key":"2430_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baxter K, Medlock MM, Griffith EEH. Hope, resilience, and African-American spirituality. In: Medlock MM, Shtasel D, Trinh N-HT, Williams DR, editors. Racism Psychiatry Contemp Issues Interv [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019 [cited 2024 Jul 31]. p. 141\u201356. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-90197-8_8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90197-8_8"},{"key":"2430_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/rel14040460","volume":"14","author":"SE Allen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allen SE. Is the Black church dead?: religious resilience and the contemporary functions of Black Christianity. Religions. 2023;14:460.","journal-title":"Religions"},{"key":"2430_CR62","unstructured":"Bogart LM, Dong L, Gandhi P, Ryan S, Smith TL, Klein DJ, et al. What contributes to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Black communities, and how can it be addressed? [internet]. RAND Corporation; 2021 Mar. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RRA1110-1.html. Accessed 30 Jul 2024."},{"key":"2430_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.02.033","volume":"40","author":"E Merkley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Merkley E, Loewen PJ. The correlates and dynamics of COVID-19 vaccine-specific hesitancy. Vaccine. 2022;40:2020\u20137.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2430_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11040056","volume":"11","author":"CA Latkin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Latkin CA, Dayton L, Miller JR, Yi G, Jaleel A, Nwosu CC, et al. Behavioral and attitudinal correlates of trusted sources of COVID-19 vaccine information in the US. Behav Sci. 2021;11:56.","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"2430_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29467","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29467","volume":"96","author":"JM C\u00e9nat","year":"2024","unstructured":"C\u00e9nat JM, Farahi SMMM, Dalexis RD, Yaya S, Caulley L, Chomienne M-H. COVID-19 vaccine uptake, conspiracy theories, and health literacy among Black individuals in Canada: racial discrimination, confidence in health, and COVID-19 stress as mediators. J Med Virol. 2024;96:e29467.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2430_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2020.1841120","volume":"26","author":"R Chandler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandler R, Guillaume D, Parker AG, Mack A, Hamilton J, Dorsey J, et al. The impact of COVID-19 among Black women: evaluating perspectives and sources of information. Ethn Health. 2021;26:80\u201393.","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"key":"2430_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1683","volume":"325","author":"SA Rasmussen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ. Pregnancy, postpartum care, and COVID-19 vaccination in 2021. JAMA. 2021;325:1099\u2013100.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2430_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balasuriya L, Santilli A, Morone J, Ainooson J, Roy B, Njoku A, Mendiola-Iparraguirre A, Duffany KO, Macklin B, Higginbottom J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ayala C. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and access among Black and Latinx communities. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128575.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28575"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02430-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02430-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02430-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T21:02:32Z","timestamp":1778360552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02430-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02430-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the IRB of Arcadia University ((Ref. 22\u201308 -\u200902). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the study findings.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}