{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:14:02Z","timestamp":1783527242896,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black patients have the worst survival outcomes from colorectal cancer (CRC) in the US. In addition, disparities and differences in mortality outcomes among Black and NHW patients across the four US census regions (Northeast [NE], South, West, Midwest [MW]) remain unexplored. We hypothesized that survival outcomes for Black patients would differ across the US census regions and might correlate with socioeconomic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients\u2009\u2265\u200945\u00a0years of age with a diagnosis of colon or rectal adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2018 were identified in the National Cancer Database for survival analysis. Survival differences were further validated using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to investigate 5-year cause-specific survival (CSS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For colon adenocarcinoma, the largest difference in median overall survival (OS) between NHW and Black patients was in the MW (67\u00a0months Black vs. 74\u00a0months NHW,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). For rectal cancer, the largest difference was in the West (60\u00a0months Black vs. 84\u00a0months NHW,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Black patients receiving care in the MW had the lowest median OS for CRC, while those in the NE had the highest (colon: 67\u00a0months\u00a0MW vs. 100\u00a0months NE; rectum: 55\u00a0months\u00a0MW vs. 79\u00a0months NE). In multivariable analyses of the Black patient cohort, cancer care in the NE was associated with decreased mortality risk compared to other regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Geographic region of care appears to correlate with survival differences for CRC. Exploring these differences may facilitate improved understanding of systemic and structural drivers of health inequities and aid improved resource allocation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02455-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T10:21:27Z","timestamp":1745835687000},"page":"2782-2792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessment of Differences in Colorectal Cancer Outcomes by Geographic Region for Black Patients in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1960-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed O.","family":"Suraju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren M.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Maduakolam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Grimmett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Troester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Goffredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Iverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2455_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18374-7","volume":"12","author":"JX Moore","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moore JX, Tingen MS, Coughlin SS, et al. Understanding geographic and racial\/ethnic disparities in mortality from four major cancers in the state of Georgia: a spatial epidemiologic analysis, 1999\u20132019. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):14143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18374-7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2455_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0929","volume":"26","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Bemanian A, Beyer KM. Housing discrimination, residential racial segregation, and colorectal cancer survival in Southeastern Wisconsin. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(4):561\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0929.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2455_CR3","first-page":"1592","volume":"10","author":"CR Rogers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogers CR, Moore JX, Qeadan F, Gu LY, Huntington MS, Holowatyj AN. Examining factors underlying geographic disparities in early-onset colorectal cancer survival among men in the United States. Am J Cancer Res. 2020;10(5):1592\u2013607.","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2455_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-020-01381-2","volume":"32","author":"T Hinshaw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hinshaw T, Lea S, Arcury J, Parikh AA, Snyder RA. Racial and geographic disparities in stage-specific incidence and mortality in the colorectal cancer hotspot region of eastern North Carolina, 2008\u20132016. Cancer Causes Control. 2021;32(3):271\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-020-01381-2.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2455_CR5","unstructured":"Institute NC. State Cancer Profiles. January 8, 2023. Accessed January 8, 2023. https:\/\/statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov\/deathrates\/index.php?stateFIPS=00&areatype=state&cancer=020&race=07&sex=0&age=136&year=0&type=death&sortVariableName=rate&sortOrder=default#results"},{"issue":"7","key":"2455_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0250","volume":"20","author":"D Naishadham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naishadham D, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Siegel R, Cokkinides V, Jemal A. State disparities in colorectal cancer mortality patterns in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(7):1296\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0250.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"19","key":"2455_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.6238","volume":"325","author":"KW Davidson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Force USPST, Davidson KW, Barry MJ, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;325(19):1965\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.6238.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2455_CR8","unstructured":"Ricketts TC. Geography and Health Disparity. Accessed January 7, 2023. https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documents\/event\/Ricketts1.pdf"},{"key":"2455_CR9","unstructured":"Bureau UC. Geographic Levels. Updated October 8, 2021. Accessed January 8, 2023, 2023. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/economic-census\/guidance-geographies\/levels.html"},{"key":"2455_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-022-01664-w","volume":"34","author":"BD Lord","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lord BD, Harris AR, Ambs S. The impact of social and environmental factors on cancer biology in Black Americans. Cancer Causes Control. 2022;34:191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-022-01664-w.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"2455_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229686","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229686","volume":"15","author":"GL Schwartz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwartz GL, Jahn JL. Mapping fatal police violence across U.S. metropolitan areas: Overall rates and racial\/ethnic inequities, 2013\u20132017. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0229686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229686.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"2455_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.05.030","volume":"55","author":"RA Franco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franco RA, Fan Y, Jarosek S, Bae S, Galbraith J. Racial and geographic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes. Am J Prev Med. 2018;55(5 Suppl 1):S40\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.05.030.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2455_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e782","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.035220","volume":"52","author":"D Suolang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suolang D, Chen BJ, Wang NY, Gottesman RF, Faigle R. Geographic and regional variability in racial and ethnic disparities in stroke thrombolysis in the United States. Stroke. 2021;52(12):e782\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.035220.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2455_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7015e2","volume":"70","author":"SD Romano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romano SD, Blackstock AJ, Taylor EV, et al. Trends in racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 hospitalizations, by region \u2014 United States, March\u2013December 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70:560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7015e2.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2455_CR15","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa. Health, United States, 2020\u20132021. Updated June 26, 2023. Accessed January 1, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/hus\/sources-definitions\/geographic-region.htm"},{"key":"2455_CR16","unstructured":"Bureau UC. Census Regions and Divisions of the United States. Accessed January 1, 2023. https:\/\/www2.census.gov\/geo\/pdfs\/maps-data\/maps\/reference\/us_regdiv.pdf"},{"key":"2455_CR17","unstructured":"Institute NC. SEER*Stat Databases: SEER November 2022 Submission. Accessed November 1, 2023. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/data-software\/documentation\/seerstat\/nov2022\/"},{"key":"2455_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2021.02.007","volume":"151","author":"JM Carethers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carethers JM. Racial and ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Adv Cancer Res. 2021;151:197\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.acr.2021.02.007.","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2455_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73617-z","volume":"14","author":"C Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen C, Yin L, Lu C, et al. Trends in 5-year cancer survival disparities by race and ethnicity in the US between 2002\u20132006 and 2015\u20132019. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):22715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-73617-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2455_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2021.11.002","volume":"31","author":"RH Hollis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hollis RH, Chu DI. Healthcare disparities and colorectal cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2022;31(2):157\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soc.2021.11.002.","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"2455_CR21","unstructured":"Center SHADA. Health equity measurement: considerations for selecting a benchmark. Accessed April 14, 2025. https:\/\/www.shvs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/SHVS_Health-Equity-Measurement-Considerations-for-Selecting-a-Benchmark.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"2455_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa182","volume":"113","author":"RA Snyder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Snyder RA, Hu CY, Zafar SN, Francescatti A, Chang GJ. Racial disparities in recurrence and overall survival in patients with locoregional colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021;113(6):770\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djaa182.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"2455_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e240044","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.0044","volume":"7","author":"RM Shulman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shulman RM, Deng M, Handorf EA, Meyer JE, Lynch SM, Arora S. Factors associated with racial and ethnic disparities in locally advanced rectal cancer outcomes. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e240044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.0044.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2455_CR24","unstructured":"Weiss A, Pickens G, Roemer M. Methods for Calculating Patient Travel Distance to Hospital in HCUP Data. U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Updated December 6, 2021. Accessed April 13, 2025, https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/methods\/MS2021-02-Distance-to-Hospital.jsp"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2455_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-023-01689-9","volume":"34","author":"MM Wahlen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wahlen MM, Lizarraga IM, Kahl AR, et al. Effect of rurality and travel distance on contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2023;34(Suppl 1):171\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-023-01689-9.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"11","key":"2455_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3444","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5242-z","volume":"23","author":"N Wasif","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wasif N, Chang YH, Pockaj BA, Gray RJ, Mathur A, Etzioni D. Association of distance traveled for surgery with short- and long-term cancer outcomes. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23(11):3444\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-016-5242-z.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2455_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117863292211046","DOI":"10.1177\/11786329221104667","volume":"15","author":"JM Graves","year":"2022","unstructured":"Graves JM, Abshire DA, Alejandro AG. System- and individual-level barriers to accessing medical care services across the rural-urban spectrum, Washington State. Health Serv Insights. 2022;15:11786329221104668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11786329221104667.","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"},{"issue":"12","key":"2455_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0004762021","volume":"2","author":"P Pattharanitima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pattharanitima P, El Shamy O, Chauhan K, et al. The association between prevalence of peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis and patients\u2019 distance to dialysis-providing facilities. Kidney 360. 2021;2(12):1908\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/KID.0004762021.","journal-title":"Kidney 360"},{"key":"2455_CR29","unstructured":"Prevention USCfDCa. Adult Obesity Prevalence Maps. Updated September 12. Accessed April 13, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/data-and-statistics\/adult-obesity-prevalence-maps.html"},{"key":"2455_CR30","unstructured":"Arrazola R, Griffin T, Lunsford NB, et al. US Cigarette Smoking Disparities by Race and Ethnicity \u2014 Keep Going and Going! April 13, 2025. Updated September 12. Accessed June 1, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/pcd\/issues\/2023\/22_0375.htm"},{"key":"2455_CR31","unstructured":"Prevention USCfDCa. Burden of Cigarette Use in the U.S. April 13, 2025. Updated October 8. Accessed April 13, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/campaign\/tips\/resources\/data\/cigarette-smoking-in-united-states.html"},{"issue":"1","key":"2455_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2018.0036","volume":"29","author":"IM Xierali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xierali IM, Nivet MA. The racial and ethnic composition and distribution of primary care physicians. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2018;29(1):556\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/hpu.2018.0036.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"4","key":"2455_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e236687","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.6687","volume":"6","author":"JE Snyder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Snyder JE, Upton RD, Hassett TC, Lee H, Nouri Z, Dill M. Black representation in the primary care physician workforce and its association with population life expectancy and mortality rates in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(4):e236687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.6687.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"20","key":"2455_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29561","volume":"121","author":"I Lansdorp-Vogelaar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Goede SL, Ma J, et al. State disparities in colorectal cancer rates: Contributions of risk factors, screening, and survival differences. Cancer. 2015;121(20):3676\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.29561.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2455_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29595","volume":"122","author":"SH Itzkowitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Itzkowitz SH, Winawer SJ, Krauskopf M, et al. New York Citywide Colon Cancer Control Coalition: A public health effort to increase colon cancer screening and address health disparities. Cancer. 2016;122(2):269\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.29595.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2455_CR36","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa. The CRCCP Award Recipients. Accessed April 14, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/colorectal-cancer-control\/about\/contact.html"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02455-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02455-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02455-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:19:57Z","timestamp":1783523997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02455-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02455-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study used publicly available, deidentified data from the National Cancer Database and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and is therefore exempt from IRB approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The data used in the study are derived from a de-identified National Cancer Database, as well as the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database. The American College of Surgeons, the Commission on Cancer, and the National Cancer Institute have not verified and are not responsible for the analytic or statistical methodology employed, or the conclusions drawn from these data by the investigator. All data that support this study findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}