{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T18:12:42Z","timestamp":1788631962755,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02544-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T14:09:22Z","timestamp":1752242962000},"page":"3888-3896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Does Race\/Ethnicity Affect Secondary Bladder and Rectal Cancer Rates After Prostate Cancer Radiation? Results from a Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0494-7839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"de Angelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Siech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia Maria Ippolita","family":"Jannello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natali Rodriguez","family":"Pe\u00f1aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Scilipoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan A.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottavio","family":"de Cobelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Musi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix K. H.","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Micali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh F.","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Gandaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Moschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Montorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Briganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre I.","family":"Karakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2544_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.09.034","volume":"75","author":"M Moschini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moschini M, Zaffuto E, Karakiewicz PI, Andrea DD, Foerster B, Abufaraj M, et al. External beam radiotherapy increases the risk of bladder cancer when compared with radical prostatectomy in patients affected by prostate cancer: a population-based analysis. Eur Urol. 2019Feb;75(2):319\u201328.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2544_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhojani N, Capitanio U, Suardi N, Jeldres C, Isbarn H, Shariat SF, et al. The rate of secondary malignancies after radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: a population-based study on 17,845 patients. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 2010 Feb;76(2):342\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.02.011"},{"issue":"11","key":"2544_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11385.x","volume":"110","author":"MJ Zelefsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zelefsky MJ, Pei X, Teslova T, Kuk D, Magsanoc JM, Kollmeier M, et al. Secondary cancers after intensity-modulated radiotherapy, brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer: incidence and cause-specific survival outcomes according to the initial treatment intervention. BJU Int. 2012Dec 13;110(11):1696\u2013701.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"17","key":"2544_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214122","volume":"388","author":"FC Hamdy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, Metcalfe C, Davis M, Turner EL, et al. Fifteen-year outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023Apr 27;388(17):1547\u201358.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2544_CR5","unstructured":"EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG-Guidelines-on-Prostate-Cancer-2023_2023\u201306\u201313\u2013141145_owmj."},{"issue":"6","key":"2544_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14841","volume":"124","author":"E Mazzone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazzone E, Mistretta FA, Knipper S, Palumbo C, Tian Z, Pecoraro A, et al. Long-term incidence of secondary bladder and rectal cancer in patients treated with brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: a large-scale population-based analysis. BJU Int. 2019Dec 24;124(6):1006\u201313.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2544_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huynh MJ, Eng L, Ngo LH, Power NE, Kamran SC, Pierce TT, et al. Incidence and survival of secondary malignancies after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Canadian Urological Association Journal. 2023 Dec 21;18(4).","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.8508"},{"key":"2544_CR8","unstructured":"The R project for statistical computing, https:\/\/www.r-project.org."},{"issue":"3","key":"2544_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.003","volume":"75","author":"R Matta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matta R, Chapple CR, Fisch M, Heidenreich A, Herschorn S, Kodama RT, et al. Pelvic complications after prostate cancer radiation therapy and their management: an international collaborative narrative review. Eur Urol. 2019Mar;75(3):464\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2544_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.07.038","volume":"180","author":"AM Nieder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nieder AM, Porter MP, Soloway MS. Radiation therapy for prostate cancer increases subsequent risk of bladder and rectal cancer: a population based cohort study. J Urol. 2008Nov;180(5):2005\u201310.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2544_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.10.071","volume":"177","author":"S Boorjian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boorjian S, Cowan JE, Konety BR, DuChane J, Tewari A, Carroll PR, et al. Bladder cancer incidence and risk factors in men with prostate cancer: results from cancer of the prostate strategic urologic research endeavor. J Urol. 2007Mar;177(3):883\u20138.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2544_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0738-z","volume":"12","author":"NS Hegemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hegemann NS, Schlesinger-Raab A, Ganswindt U, H\u00f6rl C, Combs SE, H\u00f6lzel D, et al. Risk of second cancer following radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a population-based analysis. Radiat Oncol. 2017Dec 3;12(1):2.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2544_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsukawa A, Yanagisawa T, Miszczyk M, Parizi MK, Fazekas T, Tsuboi I, et al. Incidence and outcomes of secondary bladder cancer following radiation therapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus. 2025 Jan;","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.12.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"2544_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3857\/roj.2020.00857","volume":"39","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang H, Yu A, Baran A, Messing E. Risk of second cancer among young prostate cancer survivors. Radiat Oncol J. 2021Jun 30;39(2):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2544_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.11.023","volume":"84","author":"EJ Schafer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schafer EJ, Jemal A, Wiese D, Sung H, Kratzer TB, Islami F, et al. Disparities and trends in genitourinary cancer incidence and mortality in the USA. Eur Urol. 2023Jul;84(1):117\u201326.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2544_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16132404","volume":"16","author":"M de Angelis","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Angelis M, Siech C, Di Bello F, Pe\u00f1aranda NR, Goyal JA, Tian Z, et al. Incidence, characteristics and survival rates of bladder cancer after rectosigmoid cancer radiation. Cancers (Basel). 2024Jun 29;16(13):2404.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2544_CR17","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/visualizations\/interactive\/racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-the-united-states-2010-and-2020-census.html."},{"issue":"8","key":"2544_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15082214","volume":"15","author":"DM Omer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omer DM, Thompson HM, Verheij FS, Yuval JB, Rosen R, Beets NRA, et al. Rectal cancer after prostate radiation: a complex and controversial disease. Cancers (Basel). 2023Apr 9;15(8):2214.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"sup218","key":"2544_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/03008880802401423","volume":"42","author":"P Hall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hall P. Radiation-associated urinary bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2008Jan 1;42(sup218):85\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2544_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.07.033","volume":"63","author":"M Burger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burger M, Catto JWF, Dalbagni G, Grossman HB, Herr H, Karakiewicz P, et al. Epidemiology and RISK FACTORS OF UROTHELIAL BLADDER CANCER. Eur Urol. 2013Feb;63(2):234\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2544_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02806-0","volume":"30","author":"G Paraje","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paraje G, Flores Mu\u00f1oz M, Wu DC, Jha P. Reductions in smoking due to ratification of the framework convention for tobacco control in 171 countries. Nat Med. 2024Mar 6;30(3):683\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2544_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai HD, Subica A, Mattingly DT, Harlow A, Leventhal AM. Association of race-ethnicity intersection with disparities in cigarette smoking in U.S. adults. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 2024 Jul 22;26(8):1066\u201371.","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae041"},{"issue":"10407","key":"2544_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01088-7","volume":"402","author":"L Dwyer-Lindgren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dwyer-Lindgren L, Kendrick P, Kelly YO, Baumann MM, Compton K, Blacker BF, et al. Cause-specific mortality by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000\u201319: a systematic analysis of health disparities. The Lancet. 2023Sep;402(10407):1065\u201382.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2544_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Angelis M, Baudo A, Siech C, Jannello LMI, Di Bello F, Goyal JA, et al. The effect of race\/ethnicity on cancer-specific mortality after trimodal therapy. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Mar 20;","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-024-01973-7"},{"key":"2544_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Angelis M, Jannello LMI, Siech C, Di Bello F, Pe\u00f1aranda NR, Goyal JA, et al. Race\/ethnicity affects access and survival differences after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy at radical cystectomy in urothelial carcinoma patients. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Aug 19;","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-024-02131-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02544-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02544-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02544-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:39:25Z","timestamp":1788629965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02544-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02544-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All analyses and their reporting followed the SEER reporting guidelines. Due to the anonymously coded design of the SEER database, study-specific institutional review board ethics approval was not required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Consent Statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"NA.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"NA.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}