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Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the opioid crisis being declared a national emergency in 2017, few studies have examined disparities in overdose mortality trends among children and adolescents. This study assessed trends in opioid-involved overdose mortality among U.S. individuals aged 0 to 19\u00a0years, categorized by age, sex, race\/ethnicity, census region, opioid type (prescription, synthetic, and heroin), and county rural\/urban designation, from 1999 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality data were sourced from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research Database. Opioid-related deaths were identified using ICD-10 codes. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were assessed by age, sex, race\/ethnicity, census region, opioid type, and county rural\/urban designation. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percentage changes (APC) and average APC. 95% confidence intervals were derived using the Empirical Quantile method and the Parametric Method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1999 and 2019, 10,799 children and adolescents died from opioid overdoses (AAMR\u2009=\u20090.6 per 100,000; 95% CI: 0.6\u20130.6). From 2013\u20132019, overall mortality increased by 4.5% annually (95% CI: 0.91, 15.54). Mortality trends increased among Non-Hispanic Black (APC\u2009=\u20097.84; 95% CI: 5.12\u201310.56) and Hispanic individuals (APC\u2009=\u20095.29; 95% CI: 2.84\u20137.74) from 1999 to 2019, while remaining stable among Non-Hispanic White individuals from 2004 to 2019 (APC\u2009=\u2009-0.69; 95% CI: -2.09 to 0.58). Mortality rates also increased in the Northeast from 1999 to 2019 (APC\u2009=\u20094.23; 95% CI: 2.70\u20135.78) and in the West from 2015 to 2019 (APC\u2009=\u200921.96; 95% CI: 13.50\u201339.67), with a sharp increase in deaths involving synthetic opioids from 2014 to 2019 (APC\u2009=\u200943.37; 95% CI: 21.13\u2013120.46).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid overdose mortality trends among US children and adolescents have increased in recent years. Contemporary rises are most pronounced among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children, in the Northeastern and Western regions, and from synthetic opioids. The disparities in opioid-related deaths underscores the need for targeted interventions and continued\u00a0 research to inform public health strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02554-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T17:36:35Z","timestamp":1753378595000},"page":"4020-4030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Racial\/Ethnic and Regional Disparities in Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths among Children and Adolescents in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Greta Muriel","family":"Eikermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can Martin","family":"Ludeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Eyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline M.","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Ramishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Borngaesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maira","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Aber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne M.","family":"Kyriacou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle D.","family":"Jaconia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6544-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibraheem M.","family":"Karaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winstanley EL, Stover AN. 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