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Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There are significant racial and ethnic disparities in the incarcerated population in the USA, with individuals from racial and ethnic minoritized groups more likely to be incarcerated. There are also disparities in the health and health care received by different racial and ethnic groups in the USA. The information on the health care received by incarcerated individuals is lacking, including particularly limited data on hospitalization rates. This paper aims to identify potential racial and ethnic differences in hospital care provided to patients who are incarcerated. Differences in care during incarceration may worsen pre-existing disparities between racial and ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02562-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T14:45:55Z","timestamp":1753454755000},"page":"4124-4127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Differences in Hospitalizations of Incarcerated Patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1625-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farah Acher","family":"Kaiksow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marguerite E.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6461-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Forati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2562_CR1","unstructured":"Sawyer W, Wagner P. Mass incarceration: the whole pie 2024: 2024. PPI. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2024.html.\u00a0Accessed 15 Jan 2025."},{"key":"2562_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Radley DC, et al. Advancing racial equity in U.S. health care: the commonwealth fund 2024 State Health Disparities Report (Commonwealth Fund, Apr. 2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26099\/vw02-fa96.","DOI":"10.26099\/vw02-fa96"},{"key":"2562_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-criminol-030421-041559","volume":"6","author":"K Heimer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heimer K, Malone SE, De Coster S. Trends in women\u2019s incarceration rates in US prisons and jails: a tale of inequalities. Annu Rev Criminol. 2023;6:85\u2013106.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Criminol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2562_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000521288","volume":"91","author":"ME Charlson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Carrozzino D, Guidi J, Patierno C. Charlson Comorbidity Index: a critical review of clinimetric properties. Psychother Psychosom. 2022;91(1):8\u201335.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2562_CR5","first-page":"S13","volume":"120","author":"MA Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith MA, Hendricks KA, Bednarz LM, Gigot M, Harburn A, Curtis KJ, et al. Identifying substantial racial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes and care in Wisconsin using electronic health record data. WMJ. 2021;120(S1):S13\u20136.","journal-title":"WMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"2562_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000927","volume":"73","author":"A Butler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Butler A, Nicholls T, Samji H, Fabian S, Lavergne MR. Prevalence of mental health needs, substance use, and co-occurring disorders among people admitted to prison. Psychiatr Serv. 2022;73(7):737\u201344.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2562_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/ajes.12241","volume":"77","author":"B Pettit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pettit B, Gutierrez C. Mass incarceration and racial inequality. Am J Econ Sociol. 2018;77(3\u20134):1153\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Econ Sociol"},{"key":"2562_CR8","unstructured":"Motivans MA, Browne GE, Kling R. Federal justice statistics, 2023. U.S Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Mar 2025."}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02562-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02562-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02562-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:39:15Z","timestamp":1788629955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02562-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02562-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was classified as exempt by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Institutional Review Board.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Kaiksow is a paid consultant for the Wisconsin Department of Corrections Committee on Inmate and Youth Deaths. Drs. Burns and Forati have no conflicts or competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}