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Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Migraine studies consistently have low enrollment of non-White and\/or Hispanic participants. This exploratory analysis assesses burden, treatment interventions, and care in people with high-frequency migraine and medication overuse (HFM\u2009+\u2009MO) in three racial\/ethnic groups in the United States that responded to the Migraine Report Card online survey. The Migraine Report Card survey was fielded to adults (\u2265\u200918\u00a0years). Eligible respondents reported current or previous HFM\u2009+\u2009MO (\u2265\u20098\u00a0days\/month with headache and\u2009\u2265\u200910\u00a0days\/month of acute headache medication use over the last few months) and screened positive for migraine using the ID Migraine\u2122 screener. Survey questions pertained to living with migraine, healthcare-patient communication, and treatment use and access. Subgroups large enough for analysis included non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic respondents currently experiencing HFM\u2009+\u2009MO. Acute medication optimization was assessed with the 4-item Migraine Treatment Optimization Questionnaire. Raw data were weighted to the US adult population. A total of 414 respondents currently experiencing HFM\u2009+\u2009MO were included in this analysis (White,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009293; Black,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200946; Hispanic,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200975). In this population, despite similarities in migraine and insurance status, 54% of Black respondents reported being \u201cvery concerned\u201d about their current health compared to 29% of White and 24% of Hispanic respondents. Twenty percent of White respondents reported using a preventive prescription migraine medication compared to 7% of Black and 10% of Hispanic respondents. Despite similar clinical and socioeconomic characteristics, healthcare disparities were observed, most notably among Black and Hispanic respondents experiencing HFM\u2009+\u2009MO. Further research regarding inequities in migraine care and disease impact is needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02577-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:45:30Z","timestamp":1754487930000},"page":"4259-4272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Migraine-Related Burden, Treatment Interventions, and Healthcare Experiences by Race and Ethnicity: Results of the Migraine Report Card Survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1334-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaal J.","family":"Starling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-6144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn C.","family":"Buse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4081-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Cady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Lenaburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Kymes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2","volume":"23","author":"LJ Stovner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Linde M, Steiner TJ. 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Only those who selected \u201cI agree to continue\u201d moved on to the screener section. Institutional review board approval was not conducted, as this survey was non-interventional in nature, was not intended to provide clinical data for treatment decisions, was not conducted as a clinical trial for any endpoints, and data are not identifiable in the results presented.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"In collaboration with the academic authors, the sponsor participated in the design and conduct of the survey and in the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data. The preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript was undertaken by all authors and by a professional medical writer and editor funded by the sponsor.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Role of the Funder\/Sponsor","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AJS has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Allergan, Axsome Therapeutics, eNeura Everyday Health, Lundbeck, Med-IQ, Medscape, Miller Medical, Satsuma, and WebMD. DCB has received grant support from the US Food and Drug Administration, and the National Headache Foundation; served as a consultant and received honoraria from Allergan\/AbbVie, Amgen\/Novartis, Biohaven, Collegium, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Theranica, Teva and Pfizer; and serves on the editorial board of\n                      Current Pain and Headache Reports.\n                      RC was an employee of Lundbeck LLC for the development and initiation of the survey and currently consults with Biohaven, Haleon, Lundbeck, and Axon. KL has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Allergan, Impel, and Lundbeck, during the development and fielding of the survey. He was an employee of the Coalition for Headache and Migraine Patients (CHAMP), an organization that receives sponsorship support from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Impel, Lundbeck, and Teva. He is a current employee of Psychedelics & Pain Association (Lombard, IL, USA). SK was an employee of Lundbeck LLC (Deerfield, IL, USA) at the time of this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}