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Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racial\/ethnic minority populations in the US have a high burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate demographics, disease characteristics, prescribing patterns, hospitalization, and survival in racial\/ethnic groups in the SPHERE registry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SPHERE was a US, multicenter, prospective, observational registry of adults prescribed selexipag in clinical practice (November 2016\u2013March 2020). Follow-up was\u2009\u2264\u200918\u00a0months, with data collected at routine quarterly visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 759 patients with PAH: 549 (72.3%) non-Hispanic White; 117 (15.4%) Black\/African American; 45 (5.9%) Hispanic; and 48 (6.3%) other\/unknown race\/ethnicity. Overall, 50.6% of participants had idiopathic and 27.0% had connective tissue disorder-associated PAH. Median age at diagnosis in non-Hispanic White, Black\/African American, and Hispanic groups was 57, 56, and 43\u00a0years, and at selexipag initiation was 62, 60, and 51\u00a0years, respectively. Hispanic participants had less severe symptoms at enrollment: 40.0% had World Health Organization functional class III versus 53.4% and 50.4% of non-Hispanic White and Black\/African American participants, respectively. Comorbidities were high, with some differences between groups. No notable differences existed between groups in selexipag dose or PAH-specific therapy; overall, 30.8% received monotherapy, 55.6% dual therapy, and 8.4% triple therapy before selexipag initiation. Discontinuations resulting from selexipag-related adverse events in any group were few (2.2%\u20137.7%). All-cause hospitalization and survival were similar across groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Selexipag was prescribed as part of combination therapy for PAH regardless of differing demographics and clinical characteristics across racial\/ethnic groups, with no differences in selexipag discontinuation, hospitalization, and survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02579-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T16:06:30Z","timestamp":1754323590000},"page":"4283-4295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characteristics of Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Receiving Selexipag in the SPHERE Registry by Race and Ethnicity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0297-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harrison W.","family":"Farber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murali M.","family":"Chakinala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2755-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna R.","family":"Hemnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1214-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5072-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin B.","family":"Highland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vallerie V.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana D.","family":"Melendres-Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3245-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurinderpal","family":"Doad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Fatehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9753-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9971-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4267-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7334-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobore","family":"Tobore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4702-650X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2579_CR1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine. 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Farber is a speaker for Bayer (non-branded) and a scientific advisory board member for Acceleron (Merck), Aerovate, Aerami, Johnson & Johnson, Roivant, and United Therapeutics. Murali M. Chakinala has received consulting fees, speaker fees, and\/or grant monies from Johnson & Johnson, Gilead, United Therapeutics, Bayer, Medtronic, Novartis AG, Eiger, and Reata Pharmaceuticals. He has served on advisory committees for Johnson & Johnson, Gilead, Bayer, United Therapeutics, and Express Scripts. Anna R. Hemnes has received grants from the National Institutes of Health and Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund. She has served as a consultant for Johnson & Johnson, Bayer, Complexa, United Therapeutics, and PH Precision Med, where she also owns equity interest. Kelly M. Chin has received fees for work on steering, advisory, or adjudication committees with Gossamer Bio, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, and United Therapeutics and her institution has received research support for clinical studies overseen by her from Altavant, Gossamer Bio, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, and United Therapeutics. Kristin B. Highland has received grants\/contracts, served on a scientific advisory board or steering committee, and\/or is on the speaker\u2019s bureaus for Acceleron (Merck), Bayer Healthcare, Eiger Pharmaceuticals, Gossamer Bio, Johnson & Johnson, Reata Pharmaceuticals, and United Therapeutics. Vallerie McLaughlin is a consultant for Aerovate, Altavant Sciences, Bayer, CVS Caremark, CorVista Health, Gossamer Bio, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, and United Therapeutics; has received grants from Aerovate, Altavant Sciences, Merck, Gossamer Bio, Johnson & Johnson and SoniVie; and has received stocks from Clene.\u00a0Lana D. Melendres-Groves reports receiving the following fees and support: United Therapeutics Corporation (research, consulting, advisory board), Johnson & Johnson (research, consulting), Gossamer Bio (research, consulting), Merck (research, consulting), Bayer (research, consulting). Michelle Cho,  Gurinderpal Doad, Elham Fatehi, Michelle Han, Paul Strachan, and Tobore Tobore are employees of Johnson & Johnson. Nick H. Kim has received research support from Altavant, Bellerophon, Lung Biotechnology, and\u00a0SoniVie;  has served as a consultant for Johnson & Johnson, Arena, Bayer, Gossamer Bio, Merck, Pulnovo, and United Therapeutics; and\u00a0has served on the speaker\u2019s bureaus for Johnson & Johnson and Bayer.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}