{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:02:33Z","timestamp":1779904953978,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDC-RFA-OT21-2103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDC-RFA-OT21-2103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008899","name":"University of South Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing adverse health outcomes is well-documented. However, vaccine uptake remains suboptimal, particularly among minority populations in the USA. We estimated COVID-19 vaccination coverage and investigated factors associated with vaccination status among adults in underserved communities in South Carolina.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among barbershop and salon clients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009330) in six counties from August to November 2023. Data were collected on demographics, health status, vaccination history for COVID-19 and the flu, concerns regarding COVID-19, and sources of health information. The likelihood of partial and full vaccination compared to no vaccination was estimated using multinomial logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>About 19.4% were fully vaccinated, and 54.5% were partially vaccinated. Not receiving a flu vaccine in the past year and worrying about vaccine safety were associated with reduced likelihood of partial or full vaccination. Increased age and worry about the spread of COVID-19 were associated with an increased likelihood of vaccination. Receiving COVID-19-related information from family\/friends or healthcare providers was associated with an increased likelihood of full vaccination but not partial vaccination. Religious affiliation, having no chronic health conditions, and prior COVID-19 infection were associated with a lower likelihood of partial vaccination but not full vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The findings highlight public health concerns surrounding vaccination, the influence of religion, perceptions of invulnerability, and the role of trusted sources in vaccine decision-making. Public health messaging promoting vaccination should address these concerns and target populations often underserved by conventional healthcare systems.\n<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02601-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T14:45:27Z","timestamp":1755182727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors Among Underserved Communities in South Carolina: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1367-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mufaro","family":"Kanyangarara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachi","family":"Vora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Seck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Dhankhode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paddington T.","family":"Mundagowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2601_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 epidemiological update \u2013 17 May 2024. World Health Organization. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/covid-19-epidemiological-update-edition-167. Accessed\u00a020 Oct 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"2601_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00871-y","volume":"8","author":"N Phillips","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phillips N, Park I-W, Robinson JR, Jones HP. The perfect storm: COVID-19 health disparities in US Blacks. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021;8(5):1153\u201360.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2601_CR3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 provisional counts - health disparities. National Center for Health Statistics. 2023.  https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/covid19\/health_disparities.htm#print.\u00a0Accessed 20 Oct 2024."},{"issue":"11","key":"2601_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.34147","volume":"4","author":"S Magesh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Magesh S, John D, Li WT, Li Y, Mattingly-App A, Jain S, et al. Disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status: a systematic-review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(11): e2134147.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2601_CR5","first-page":"299","volume":"22","author":"RM Vasquez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasquez RM. The disproportional impact of COVID-19 on African Americans. 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Permission to conduct surveys with clients was sought from barbershops and salon owners.\u00a0","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"\u00a0The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"\u00a0Conflict of Interests"}}]}}