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Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Reproductive life planning (RLP) supports the achievement of fertility goals for both men and women, yet most studies focus on women. Black fathers living with low income, a vulnerable population at risk for multiple unplanned pregnancies and negatively stereotyped as reproductively irresponsible, are rarely asked about their RLP. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Black fathers\u2019 fertility desires and pregnancy prevention strategies and explore their contextual nuance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A concurrent mixed-methods approach was conducted using quantitative data (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936) and qualitative data (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917) among Black fathers living with low income and participating in a Midwestern urban community\u2013based fatherhood program. Differences between groups were compared using Fisher\u2019s exact test, and thematic analyses examined the relationship between drivers of participants\u2019 fertility desires and reproductive planning practices.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Participants had a median age of 33\u00a0years. Findings indicated that participants\u2019 fertility desires were not associated with pregnancy prevention (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.251). Most <jats:italic>interview participants desired pregnancies<\/jats:italic> and recognized the <jats:italic>need for a reproductive life plan.<\/jats:italic> Health before pregnancy and financial stability were important <jats:italic>determinants of fertility planning<\/jats:italic>, and using <jats:italic>pregnancy contraception<\/jats:italic> was dependent, among other factors, on navigating trust with a partner. Overall, participants thought that <jats:italic>using an adult mindset<\/jats:italic>, in which they considered the consequences of unprotected sex, was key to family planning.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Findings highlight a breadth of factors influencing Black fathers\u2019 RLP and underscore the need for robust, tailored services. Community-based organizations already working with Black fathers can be leveraged to increase reproductive health awareness and facilitate reproductive life planning.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02663-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:37:51Z","timestamp":1760621871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Mixed-Methods Examination of Fertility Desires and Reproductive Planning Among Low-Income Black Fathers"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3069-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adaobi","family":"Anakwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Majee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Olajire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhonda","family":"BeLue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-2011.2011.00048.x","volume":"56","author":"JA Files","year":"2011","unstructured":"Files JA, Frey KA, David PS, Hunt KS, Noble BN, Mayer AP. 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