{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:18:19Z","timestamp":1789687099669,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Despite experiencing more physical health disadvantages and psychosocial stressors, Black Americans consistently report better mental health outcomes compared to White Americans\u2014a phenomenon commonly referred to as the Black-White health paradox. Alcohol research has identified another racial paradox suggesting Black Americans are at greater risk for alcohol-related problems despite drinking less than White Americans, which is known as the Black-White alcohol paradox. While both paradoxes are well-documented, few studies have examined their potential overlap or how insights from one might inform understanding of the other. Although the alcohol paradox is usually examined among older adults, it may be important to consider factors related to the health paradox among a <jats:italic>younger population<\/jats:italic> at-risk for problematic alcohol use: college students. This narrative review argues the importance of examining high-effort-coping (HEC; i.e., John Henryism), a culturally-relevant form of coping with social and economic adversity that has primarily been examined among Black populations. HEC is associated with poorer physical health yet better mental health, similar to the Black-White health paradox. Little is known on how HEC may play a role in health-harming behaviors, such as alcohol use. This paper aims to (1) review and highlight gaps in research using Black and White samples that have examined HEC in relation to health behaviors and college student health outcomes, (2) review studies on HEC and substance use and how it can be applicable to college students, and (3) offer recommendations for integrating HEC in future health behavior research using the Black-White alcohol paradox as an example.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-025-02694-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T14:26:55Z","timestamp":1760624815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Understanding the \u201cParadox\u201d in Black-White Alcohol Outcomes: Examining High-Effort Coping and Health Behaviors with a Focus on Black Populations and College Students"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-7313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Ayala Guzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby L.","family":"Braitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109132","volume":"229","author":"WQ Gan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gan WQ, Buxton JA, Scheuermeyer FX, Palis H, Zhao B, Desai R, et al. Risk of cardiovascular diseases in relation to substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;229:109132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109132.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"7","key":"2694_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0007-z","volume":"118","author":"JL Petrick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrick JL, Campbell PT, Koshiol J, Thistle JE, Andreotti G, Beane-Freeman LE, et al. Tobacco, alcohol use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: the liver cancer pooling project. Br J Cancer. 2018;118(7):1005\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-018-0007-z.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2008.69.824","volume":"69","author":"N Mulia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mulia N, Ye Y, Zemore SE, Greenfield TK. Social disadvantage, stress, and alcohol use among Black, Hispanic, and White Americans: findings from the 2005 US national alcohol survey. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008;69(6):824\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsad.2008.69.824.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12398","volume":"38","author":"J Witbrodt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Witbrodt J, Mulia N, Zemore SE, Kerr WC. Racial\/ethnic disparities in alcohol-related problems: differences by gender and level of heavy drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014;38(6):1662\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.12398.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032113","volume":"140","author":"TCB Zapolski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zapolski TCB, Pedersen SL, McCarthy DM, Smith GT. Less drinking, yet more problems: understanding African American drinking and related problems. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(1):188\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0032113.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2018.79.7","volume":"79","author":"SE Zemore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zemore SE, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Mulia N, Kerr WC, Ehlers CL, Cook WK, et al. The future of research on alcohol-related disparities across US racial\/ethnic groups: a plan of attack. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2018;79(1):7\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsad.2018.79.7.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"2694_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1451892","volume":"53","author":"N Mulia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mulia N, Ye Y, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Zemore SE, Jones-Webb R. Protective factors as an explanation for the \u201cParadox\u201d of black\u2013white differences in heavy drinking. Subst Use Misuse. 2018;53(12):2003\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2018.1451892.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"12","key":"2694_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-020-01780-8","volume":"29","author":"JM Wade","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wade JM. Is it race, sex, gender or all three? Predicting risk for alcohol consumption in emerging adulthood. J Child Fam Stud. 2020;29(12):3481\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-020-01780-8.","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"2694_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107357","volume":"132","author":"SD Glenn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Glenn SD, Turrisi R, Waldron KA, Mallett KA, Russell MA, Reavy RR. Examining the impact of early college experiences on the cumulative number of alcohol-related consequences. Addict Behav. 2022;132:107357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107357.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146520901695","volume":"61","author":"RT DeAngelis","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeAngelis RT. Striving while Black: race and the psychophysiology of goal pursuit. J Health Soc Behav. 2020;61(1):24\u201342.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798419889752","volume":"46","author":"VE Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson VE, Carter RT. Black cultural strengths and psychosocial well-being: an empirical analysis with Black American adults. J Black Psychol. 2020;46(1):55\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0095798419889752.","journal-title":"J Black Psychol"},{"key":"2694_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-015-0116-9","volume":"2","author":"S Assari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Assari S, Burgard S, Zivin K. Long-term reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and number of chronic medical conditions: longitudinal support for black\u2013white health paradox. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2015;2:589\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-015-0116-9.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465211041031","volume":"63","author":"P Louie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Louie P, Upenieks L, Erving CL, Tobin CS. Do racial differences in coping resources explain the Black-White paradox in mental health? A test of multiple mechanisms. J Health Soc Behav. 2022;63(1):55\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00221465211041031.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044042000193505","volume":"19","author":"GG Bennett","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bennett GG, Merritt MM, Sollers JJ III, Edwards CL, Whitfield KE, Brandon DT, et al. Stress, coping, and health outcomes among African-Americans: A review of the John Henryism hypothesis. Psychol Health. 2004;19(3):369\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0887044042000193505.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-8525.2009.01152.x","volume":"50","author":"KJ Kiecolt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kiecolt KJ, Hughes M, Keith VM. Can a high sense of control and John Henryism be bad for mental health? Sociol Q. 2009;50(4):693\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1533-8525.2009.01152.x.","journal-title":"Sociol Q"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465211009142","volume":"62","author":"MN Robinson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robinson MN, Tobin CS. Is John Henryism a health risk or resource?: exploring the role of culturally relevant coping for physical and mental health among Black Americans. J Health Soc Behav. 2021;62(2):136\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00221465211009142.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-021-01085-6","volume":"9","author":"AJ Johnson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson AJ, McCloyn K, Sims M. Discrimination, high-effort coping, and cardiovascular risk profiles in the Jackson heart study: a latent profile analysis. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2022;9(4):1464\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-021-01085-6.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"2694_CR18","unstructured":"American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2023. https:\/\/www.acha.org\/documents\/ncha\/NCHA-"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000712","volume":"32","author":"R Ayala Guzman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ayala Guzman R, Bolts OL, Shipley JL, Strowger M, Prince MA, Braitman AL. A cross-sectional examination of race, gender, and intersectionality on protective behavioral strategies and alcohol outcomes among Black and White college students. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2024;32(6):682\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pha0000712.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2694_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15200","volume":"47","author":"AL Braitman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braitman AL, Ayala Guzman R, Strowger M, Shipley JL, Glenn DJ, Junkin E, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic experiences on college drinking via mental distress: cross-sectional mediation moderated by race. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2023;47(12):2313\u201330.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038362","volume":"28","author":"EE Cacciola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cacciola EE, Nevid JS. Alcohol consumption in relation to residence status and ethnicity in college students. Psychol Addict Behav. 2014;28(4):1278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0038362.","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2015.1113152","volume":"16","author":"J Wade","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wade J, Peralta RL. Perceived racial discrimination, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol abstinence among African American and White college students. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2017;16(2):165\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332640.2015.1113152.","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2013.74.521","volume":"74","author":"N Clarke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clarke N, Kim SY, White HR, Jiao Y, Mun EY. Associations between alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences among Black and White college men and women. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013;74(4):521\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsad.2013.74.521.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.228","volume":"75","author":"MH Boynton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boynton MH, O\u2019Hara RE, Covault J, Scott D, Tennen H. A mediational model of racial discrimination and alcohol-related problems among African American college students. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014;75(2):228\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.228.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs."},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14578","volume":"114","author":"JM Desalu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Desalu JM, Goodhines PA, Park A. Racial discrimination and alcohol use and negative drinking consequences among Black Americans: a meta-analytical review. Addiction. 2019;114(6):957\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14578.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000717","volume":"35","author":"J Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su J, Seaton EK, Williams CD, Dick DM, Spit for Science Working Group. Racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, ethnic\u2013racial identity, and alcohol use among Black American college students. Psychol Addict Behav. 2021;35(5):523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000717.","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.570","volume":"73","author":"N Mulia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mulia N, Zemore SE. Social adversity, stress, and alcohol problems: are racial\/ethnic minorities and the poor more vulnerable? J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012;73(4):570\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.570.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"2694_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107926","volume":"209","author":"A Boateng-Poku","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boateng-Poku A, Benca-Bachman CE, Najera DD, Whitfield KE, Taylor JL, Thorpe RJ Jr, et al. The role of social support on the effects of stress and depression on African American tobacco and alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;209:107926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107926.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2019.1707142","volume":"21","author":"DM Pittman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pittman DM, Quayson AA, Rush CR, Minges ML. Revisiting resilience: Examining the relationships between stress, social support, and drinking behavior among black college students with parental substance use disorder histories. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2022;21(1):90\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332640.2019.1707142.","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2020.1725709","volume":"21","author":"A Bagasra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bagasra A, Holzhausen K, Mackinem MB. Religiosity as a mediating factor in alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among students attending a historically black college (HBCU). J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2022;21(1):216\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332640.2020.1725709.","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-016-9188-3","volume":"9","author":"L Henderson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Henderson L. Racial discrimination, religion, and the African American drinking paradox. Race Soc Probl. 2017;9(1):79\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12552-016-9188-3.","journal-title":"Race Soc Probl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X10382033","volume":"43","author":"J Bernstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bernstein J, Graczyk A, Lawrence D, Bernstein E, Strunin L. Determinants of drinking trajectories among minority youth and young adults: the interaction of risk and resilience. Youth Soc. 2011;43(4):1199\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0044118X10382033.","journal-title":"Youth Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-006-0033-2","volume":"7","author":"DC Godette","year":"2006","unstructured":"Godette DC, Headen S, Ford CL. Windows of opportunity: Fundamental concepts for understanding alcohol-related disparities experienced by young Blacks in the United States. Prev Sci. 2006;7(3):197\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-006-0033-2.","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"2694_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2020.1790009","volume":"55","author":"LM Krinner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krinner LM, Warren-Findlow J, Bowling J. Examining the role of childhood adversity on excess alcohol intake and tobacco exposure among US college students. Subst Use Misuse. 2020;55(13):2087\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2020.1790009.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.56.3.227","volume":"56","author":"AS Masten","year":"2001","unstructured":"Masten AS. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. Am Psychol. 2001;56(3):227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.56.3.227.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282917740017","volume":"37","author":"CA Wilson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilson CA, Plouffe RA, Saklofske DH, Di Fabio A, Prince-Embury S, Babcock SE. Resiliency across cultures: a validation of the resiliency scale for young adults. J Psychoeduc Assess. 2019;37(1):14\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0734282917740017.","journal-title":"J Psychoeduc Assess"},{"key":"2694_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson NB, Bulatao RA, Cohen B, Race P, National Research Council. Cumulative psychosocial risks and resilience: A conceptual perspective on ethnic health disparities in late life. In: Critical perspectives on racial and ethnic differences in health in late life. National Academies Press (US); 2004. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK25520\/.\u00a0Accessed 24 Sept 2024","DOI":"10.1037\/e305812005-001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000253","volume":"25","author":"EW Neblett Jr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neblett EW Jr. Racism and health: Challenges and future directions in behavioral and psychological research. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2019;25(1):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cdp0000253.","journal-title":"Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/10864822231223438","volume":"29","author":"SL Goward","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goward SL, Torsney BM. The myth and danger of resilience: how reckoning with systemic oppression has forced us to reconsider resilience as a construct. About Campus. 2024;29(1):20\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10864822231223438.","journal-title":"About Campus"},{"key":"2694_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01379448","author":"SA James","year":"1994","unstructured":"James SA. John Henryism and the health of African-Americans. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01379448.","journal-title":"Cult Med Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.060749","volume":"96","author":"AT Geronimus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geronimus AT, Hicken M, Keene D, Bound J. \u201cWeathering\u201d and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(5):826\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2004.060749.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2694_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2019.02.011","volume":"33","author":"AT Forde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forde AT, Crookes DM, Suglia SF, Demmer RT. The weathering hypothesis as an explanation for racial disparities in health: A systematic review. Ann Epidemiol. 2019;33:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2019.02.011.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2694_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.11.003","volume":"7","author":"S Forrester","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forrester S, Jacobs D, Zmora R, Schreiner P, Roger V, Kiefe CI. Racial differences in weathering and its associations with psychosocial stress: the CARDIA study. SSM Popul Health. 2019;7:100319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.11.003.","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2022.2056102","volume":"46","author":"TE Arpawong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arpawong TE, Sakuma KLK, Espinoza L, Huh J. Longitudinal examination of an ethnic paradox of stress and mental health in older Black and Latinx adults. Clin Gerontol. 2023;46(1):27\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07317115.2022.2056102.","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"2694_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105318800141","volume":"25","author":"EA Vargas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vargas EA, Li Y, Mahalingham R, Hui P, Liu G, Lapedis M, et al. The double edge sword of John Henryism: impact on patients\u2019 health in the People\u2019s Republic of China. J Health Psychol. 2020;25(13\u201314):2374\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105318800141.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000540","volume":"80","author":"GH Brody","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brody GH, Yu T, Miller GE, Ehrlich KB, Chen E. John Henryism coping and metabolic syndrome among young black adults. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(2):216\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000540.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2694_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Torsney BM, Burke KM, Milidou M, Lombardi D, Symonds JE, Torsney CB, James SA. Beyond growth mindset: Exploring John Henryism and academic task engagement in higher education. Soc Psychol Educ. 2023;1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11218-023-09813-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-023-09813-y"},{"key":"2694_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.031","volume":"170","author":"N Mulia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mulia N, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Witbrodt J, Bond J, Williams E, Zemore SE. Racial\/ethnic differences in 30-year trajectories of heavy drinking in a nationally representative US sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;170:133\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.031.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2694_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.038","volume":"306","author":"SK Lipson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lipson SK, Zhou S, Abelson S, Heinze J, Jirsa M, Morigney J, et al. Trends in college student mental health and help-seeking by race\/ethnicity: findings from the national healthy minds study, 2013\u20132021. J Affect Disord. 2022;306:138\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.038.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2694_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063429","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1063429","volume":"10","author":"MJ Hutchesson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hutchesson MJ, Whatnall MC, Yazin N, Fenton S, Duncan MJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, et al. Health behavior interventions for university students measuring mental health outcomes: a scoping review. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1063429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1063429.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2694_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137286","author":"IH Meyer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Meyer IH. Minority stress and mental health in gay men. J Health Soc Behav. 1995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2137286.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"2694_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107218","volume":"127","author":"JD Buckner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buckner JD, Morris PE, Shepherd JM, Zvolensky MJ. Ethnic-racial identity and hazardous drinking among black drinkers: a test of the minority stress model. Addict Behav. 2022;127:107218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107218.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2694_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2017.1336958","author":"DM Pittman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pittman DM, Brooks JJ, Kaur P, Obasi EM. The cost of minority stress: risky alcohol use and coping-motivated drinking behavior in African American college students. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332640.2017.1336958.","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"key":"2694_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.04.012","volume":"84","author":"SR Kenney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kenney SR, DiGuiseppi GT, Meisel MK, Balestrieri SG, Barnett NP. Poor mental health, peer drinking norms, and alcohol risk in a social network of first-year college students. Addict Behav. 2018;84:151\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.04.012.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2023.2270550","volume":"59","author":"CD McConaha","year":"2024","unstructured":"McConaha CD, McCabe BE, Falcon AL. Anxiety, depression, coping, alcohol use and consequences in young adult college students. Subst Use Misuse. 2024;59(2):306\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2023.2270550.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2023.2192898","volume":"28","author":"H Oh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oh H, Martz C, Lincoln KD, Taylor RJ, Neblett EW, Chae D. Depression impairment among young adult college students: exploring the racial paradox. Ethn Health. 2023;28(6):932\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13557858.2023.2192898.","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2022.2034871","volume":"57","author":"NL Taylor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor NL, Su J, Spit for Science Working Group, Dick DM. Depressive symptoms and drinking to cope in relation to alcohol use outcomes among White and Black\/African American college students. Subst Use Misuse. 2022;57(5):708\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2022.2034871.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"2694_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-019-00594-9","volume":"6","author":"EA Hill-Joseph","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hill-Joseph EA. Coping while Black: chronic illness, mastery, and the Black-White health paradox. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2019;6:935\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-019-00594-9.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43669-8","volume":"13","author":"U John","year":"2023","unstructured":"John U, Rumpf HJ, Hanke M, Meyer C. Behavior-related health risk factors, mental disorders and mortality after 20 years in a working aged general population sample. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):16764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-43669-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2694_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD US Health Disparities Collaborators, Nassereldine H, Compton K, Kendrick P, Li Z, Baumann MM, Kelly YO, Schmidt C, Sylte DO, La Motte-Kerr W, Daoud F, Force LM, McHugh TA, Naghavi M, Hay SI, Shiels MS, Rodriquez EJ, Mensah GA, N\u00e1poles AM, P\u00e9rez-Stable EJ, Murray CJL, Mokdad AH, Dwyer-Lindgren L. Burden of liver cancer mortality by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000\u201319: A systematic analysis of health disparities. Lancet Public Health. 2024;9(3):e217\u2013e227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00002-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00002-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(99)00076-3","volume":"25","author":"BL Braun","year":"2000","unstructured":"Braun BL, Hannan P, Wolfson M, Jones-Webb R, Sidney S. Occupational attainment, smoking, alcohol intake, and marijuana use: ethnic-gender differences in the CARDIA study. Addict Behav. 2000;25(3):399\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4603(99)00076-3.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"2694_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.102228","volume":"65","author":"FA Sloan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sloan FA, Costanzo PR, Belsky D, Holmberg E, Malone PS, Wang Y, et al. Heavy drinking in early adulthood and outcomes at mid life. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65(7):600\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2009.102228.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv044","volume":"50","author":"WC Kerr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kerr WC, Ye Y, Cherpitel CJ. Racial\/ethnic disparities in the risk of injury related to the frequency of heavy drinking occasions. Alcohol Alcohol. 2015;50(5):573\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agv044.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659613481673","volume":"24","author":"RH Lehto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lehto RH, Stein KF. The impact of John Henryism on self-reported health behaviors in African American men. J Transcult Nurs. 2013;24(3):291\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1043659613481673.","journal-title":"J Transcult Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR65","first-page":"14","volume":"19","author":"B Torsney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Torsney B, Burke K, Milidou M, Mansur M, Torsney CB. Coping with COVID-19: an exploratory mixed-methods investigation of the impact of John Henryism on urban college students\u2019 engagement in schoolwork. J Univ Teach Learn Pract. 2022;19(3):14.","journal-title":"J Univ Teach Learn Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9861.2012.00074.x","volume":"17","author":"MM Merritt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Merritt MM, Dillon SE. Depression and estimated functional aerobic capacity in young women: the good and the bad of John Henryism active coping. J Appl Biobehav Res. 2012;17(1):23\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-9861.2012.00074.x.","journal-title":"J Appl Biobehav Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.23007","volume":"51","author":"JM Sullivan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sullivan JM, Harman M. John henryism active coping and COVID-19 policy compliance. J Community Psychol. 2023;51(3):1408\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.23007.","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"key":"2694_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-00333-1","volume":"96","author":"AS Felix","year":"2019","unstructured":"Felix AS, Shisler R, Nolan TS, Warren BJ, Rhoades J, Barnett KS, et al. High-effort coping and cardiovascular disease among women: a systematic review of the John Henryism hypothesis. J Urban Health. 2019;96:12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-018-00333-1.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR69","first-page":"359","volume":"9","author":"JH Adams","year":"1999","unstructured":"Adams JH, Aubert RE, Clark VR. The relationship among John Henryism, hostility, perceived stress, social support, and blood pressure in African-American college students. Ethn Dis. 1999;9(3):359\u201368.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"2694_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0804_2","volume":"8","author":"R Clark","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clark R, Adams JH, Clark VR. Effects of John Henryism and anger-coping on mean arterial pressure changes in African American women. Int J Behav Med. 2001;8:270\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0804_2.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm2802_8","volume":"28","author":"R Clark","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clark R, Adams JH. Moderating effects of perceived racism on John Henryism and blood pressure reactivity in Black female college students. Ann Behav Med. 2004;28(2):126\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15324796abm2802_8.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696818804936","volume":"8","author":"VV Volpe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Volpe VV, Rahal D, Holmes M, Rivera SZ. Is hard work and high effort always healthy for black college students? John Henryism in the face of racial discrimination. Emerg Adulthood. 2020;8(3):245\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167696818804936.","journal-title":"Emerg Adulthood"},{"issue":"10","key":"2694_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.03.024","volume":"72","author":"JD Boardman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boardman JD, Alexander KB. Stress trajectories, health behaviors, and the mental health of black and white young adults. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72(10):1659\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.03.024.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv101","volume":"42","author":"EE McGinty","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGinty EE, Baller J, Azrin ST, Juliano-Bult D, Daumit GL. Interventions to address medical conditions and health-risk behaviors among persons with serious mental illness: A comprehensive review. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):96\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbv101.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798412474466","volume":"40","author":"EC Bronder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bronder EC, Speight SL, Witherspoon KM, Thomas AJ. John Henryism, depression, and perceived social support in Black women. J Black Psychol. 2014;40(2):115\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0095798412474466.","journal-title":"J Black Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418001268","volume":"30","author":"LK Hill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hill LK, Hoggard LS. Active coping moderates associations among race-related stress, rumination, and depressive symptoms in emerging adult African American women. Dev Psychopathol. 2018;30(5):1817\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579418001268.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798414567757","volume":"42","author":"DL Hudson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hudson DL, Neighbors HW, Geronimus AT, Jackson JS. Racial discrimination, John Henryism, and depression among African Americans. J Black Psychol. 2016;42(3):221\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0095798414567757.","journal-title":"J Black Psychol"},{"key":"2694_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115070","volume":"316","author":"AD Perez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perez AD, Dufault SM, Spears EC, Chae DH, Woods-Giscombe CL, Allen AM. Superwoman schema and John Henryism among African American women: an intersectional perspective on coping with racism. Soc Sci Med. 2023;316:115070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115070.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026440304695","volume":"29","author":"I Seiffge-Krenke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Seiffge-Krenke I, Klessinger N. Long-term effects of avoidant coping on adolescents\u2019 depressive symptoms. J Youth Adolesc. 2000;29(6):617\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1026440304695.","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.21.1.108","volume":"21","author":"C Levin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levin C, Ilgen M, Moos R. Avoidance coping strategies moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and 5-year alcohol treatment outcomes. Psychol Addict Behav. 2007;21(1):108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-164X.21.1.108.","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2022.2061311","volume":"72","author":"KR Terrell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Terrell KR, Stanton BR, Hamadi HY, Merten JW, Quinn N. Exploring life stressors, depression, and coping strategies in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2024;72(3):923\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2022.2061311.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2694_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798420924529","volume":"46","author":"DL Bernard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernard DL, Jones SC, Volpe VV. Impostor phenomenon and psychological well-being: the moderating roles of John Henryism and school racial composition among Black college students. J Black Psychol. 2020;46(2\u20133):195\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0095798420924529.","journal-title":"J Black Psychol"},{"key":"2694_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000920","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2022.1000920","volume":"7","author":"BM Torsney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Torsney BM, Burke KM, Torsney CB, Lombardi D. John henryism, psychological labor, and control-value theory: race, ethnicity, and situational coping for student success. Front Educ. 2022;7:1000920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2022.1000920.","journal-title":"Front Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.06.004","volume":"60","author":"AF Fernander","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fernander AF, Patten CA, Schroeder DR, Stevens SR, Eberman KM, Hurt RD. Exploring the association of John Henry active coping and education on smoking behavior and nicotine dependence among Blacks in the USA. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(3):491\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.06.004.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2694_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.004","volume":"63","author":"D Stevens-Watkins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stevens-Watkins D, Allen K, Fisher S, Crowell C, Mahaffey C, Leukefeld C, et al. John henryism active coping as a cultural correlate of substance abuse treatment participation among African American women. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016;63:54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.004.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2020.1793861","volume":"21","author":"PB Wheeler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wheeler PB, Stevens-Watkins D, Dogan JN, McCarthy D. Polysubstance use among frequent marijuana users: an examination of John Henryism active coping, psychiatric symptoms, and family social support among African American incarcerated men. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2022;21(2):553\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332640.2020.1793861.","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22168","volume":"47","author":"SC Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones SC, Brooks JH, Milam AJ, Barajas CB, LaVeist TA, Kane E, et al. Racial discrimination, John Henryism coping, and behavioral health conditions among predominantly poor, urban African Americans: Implications for community-level opioid problems and mental health services. J Community Psychol. 2019;47(5):1032\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22168.","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2694_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7001","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197001","volume":"17","author":"E Ram\u00f3n-Arbu\u00e9s","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ram\u00f3n-Arbu\u00e9s E, Gea-Caballero VM, Granada-L\u00f3pez JM, Ju\u00e1rez-Vela R, Pellicer-Garc\u00eda B, Ant\u00f3n-Solanas I. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their associated factors in college students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19):7001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17197001.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2011.632708","volume":"33","author":"JSR Mahmoud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mahmoud JSR, Staten RT, Hall LA, Lennie TA. The relationship among young adult college students\u2019 depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, and coping styles. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2012;33(3):149\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01612840.2011.632708.","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/002204260503500202","volume":"35","author":"JJ Arnett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arnett JJ. The developmental context of substance use in emerging adulthood. J Drug Issues. 2005;35(2):235\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002204260503500202.","journal-title":"J Drug Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12309","volume":"38","author":"KE Magee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Magee KE, Connell AM. The role of substance use coping in linking depression and alcohol use from late adolescence through early adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014;38(3):853\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.12309.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2694_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107247","volume":"128","author":"P Martinez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinez P, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Ye Y, Patterson D, Greenfield TK, Mulia N, et al. Mental health and drinking to cope in the early COVID period: data from the 2019\u20132020 US National Alcohol Survey. Addict Behav. 2022;128:107247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107247.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.190","volume":"62","author":"CJ Holahan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Holahan CJ, Moos RH, Holahan CK, Cronkite RC, Randall PK. Drinking to cope, emotional distress and alcohol use and abuse: a ten-year model. J Stud Alcohol. 2001;62(2):190\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.190.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2694_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/19325037.2014.893853","volume":"45","author":"SB Montauti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Montauti SB, Bulmer SM. A research update on correlates of heavy episodic drinking among undergraduate college students. Am J Health Educ. 2014;45(3):142\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19325037.2014.893853.","journal-title":"Am J Health Educ"},{"key":"2694_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107452","volume":"135","author":"LR Ranker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ranker LR, Lipson SK. Prevalence of heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorder diagnosis among US college students: results from the national Healthy Minds Study. Addict Behav. 2022;135:107452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107452.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1995.56.628","volume":"56","author":"H Wechsler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wechsler H, Moeykens B, Davenport A, Castillo S, Hansen J. The adverse impact of heavy episodic drinkers on other college students. J Stud Alcohol. 1995;56(6):628\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsa.1995.56.628.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"2694_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2022.2115298","author":"RA Swartzwelder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swartzwelder RA, Burns BJ, Maultsby L, Zhao M, Looney JG, Acheson S. Risk and protective factors for heavy episodic drinking among college students: influence of mental health service use. J Am Coll Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2022.2115298.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi062","volume":"161","author":"MJ Pletcher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pletcher MJ, Varosy P, Kiefe CI, Lewis CE, Sidney S, Hulley SB. Alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and early coronary calcification: findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161(5):423\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwi062.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2694_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300188","volume":"65","author":"N Mulia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mulia N, Tam TW, Schmidt LA. Disparities in the use and quality of alcohol treatment services and some proposed solutions to narrow the gap. Psychiatr Serv. 2014;65(5):626\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201300188.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2694_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.017","volume":"202","author":"M Pinedo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinedo M. A current re-examination of racial\/ethnic disparities in the use of substance abuse treatment: do disparities persist? Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;202:162\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.017.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"8","key":"2694_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12500","volume":"38","author":"SE Zemore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zemore SE, Murphy RD, Mulia N, Gilbert PA, Martinez P, Bond J, et al. A moderating role for gender in racial\/ethnic disparities in alcohol services utilization: results from the 2000 to 2010 National Alcohol Surveys. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014;38(8):2286\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.12500.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15243","volume":"48","author":"J Delk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delk J, Bensley K, Ye Y, Subbaraman MS, Phillips AZ, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, et al. Intersectional disparities in outpatient alcohol treatment completion by gender and race and ethnicity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2024;48(2):389\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.15243.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2694_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00515.x","volume":"31","author":"RN Bluthenthal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bluthenthal RN, Jacobson JO, Robinson PL. Are racial disparities in alcohol treatment completion associated with racial differences in treatment modality entry? Comparison of outpatient treatment and residential treatment in Los Angeles County, 1998 to 2000. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31(11):1920\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00515.x.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00612.x","volume":"42","author":"JO Jacobson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jacobson JO, Robinson PL, Bluthenthal RN. Racial disparities in completion rates from publicly funded alcohol treatment: economic resources explain more than demographics and addiction severity. Health Serv Res. 2007;42(2):773\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00612.x.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2694_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108087","volume":"213","author":"E Sahker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahker E, Pro G, Sakata M, Furukawa TA. Substance use improvement depends on race\/ethnicity: outpatient treatment disparities observed in a large US national sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;213:108087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108087.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"2694_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2018.1548323","volume":"19","author":"S Matsuzaka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsuzaka S, Knapp M. Anti-racism and substance use treatment: addiction does not discriminate, but do we? J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2020;19(4):567\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332640.2018.1548323.","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2694_CR107","first-page":"152","volume":"33","author":"K Chartier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chartier K, Caetano R. Ethnicity and health disparities in alcohol research. Alcohol Res Health. 2010;33(1\u20132):152.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0983","volume":"32","author":"B Saloner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saloner B, Cook BL. Blacks and Hispanics are less likely than whites to complete addiction treatment, largely due to socioeconomic factors. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32(1):135\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0983.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"2694_CR109","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Social determinants of health. Updated May 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/public-health-gateway\/php\/about\/social-determinants-of-health.html.\u00a0Accessed 12 Sept 2024"},{"key":"2694_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108105","volume":"118","author":"M Pinedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinedo M, Villatoro AP. The role of perceived treatment need in explaining racial\/ethnic disparities in the use of substance abuse treatment services. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020;118:108105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108105.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640902897024","volume":"8","author":"RL Peralta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peralta RL, Steele JL. On drinking styles and race: a consideration of the socio-structural determinants of alcohol use behavior. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2009;8(2):146\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332640902897024.","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"2694_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.11.001","volume":"36","author":"RP Juster","year":"2011","unstructured":"Juster RP, Sindi S, Marin MF, Perna A, Hashemi A, Pruessner JC, et al. A clinical allostatic load index is associated with burnout symptoms and hypocortisolemic profiles in healthy workers. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011;36(6):797\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.11.001.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2694_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733309","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.733309","volume":"3","author":"ROD Souza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Souza ROD, Guilherme FR, Elias RGM, Reis LL, Souza OA, Ferrer MR, et al. Associated determinants between evidence of burnout, physical activity, and health behaviors of university students. Front Sports Active Living. 2021;3:733309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2021.733309.","journal-title":"Front Sports Active Living"},{"issue":"2","key":"2694_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab280","volume":"77","author":"S Zilioli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zilioli S, G\u00f3mez JM, Jiang Y, Rodriguez-Stanley J. Childhood socioeconomic status and cardiometabolic health: a test of the John Henryism hypothesis in African American older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2022;77(2):e56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glab280.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2694_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2020.103445","volume":"120","author":"D Spurk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spurk D, Hirschi A, Wang M, Valero D, Kauffeld S. Latent profile analysis: A review and \u201chow to\u201d guide of its application within vocational behavior research. J Vocat Behav. 2020;120:103445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvb.2020.103445.","journal-title":"J Vocat Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2694_CR116","first-page":"111","volume":"1","author":"CC Hiew","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hiew CC, Mori T, Shimizu M, Tominaga M. Measurement of resilience development: preliminary results with a state-trait resilience inventory. J Learn Curriculum Dev. 2000;1(1):111\u20137.","journal-title":"J Learn Curriculum Dev"},{"key":"2694_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spielberger CD, Gonzalez-Reigosa F, Martinez-Urrutia A, Natalicio LF, Natalicio DS. The state-trait anxiety inventory. Rev Interam Psicol\/Interam J Psychol. 1971;5(3 & 4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30849\/rip\/ijp.v5i3\/20\/204.620","DOI":"10.30849\/rip\/ijp.v5i3\/20\/204.620"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02694-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02694-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02694-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T14:26:58Z","timestamp":1760624818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02694-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":117,"alternative-id":["2694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-025-02694-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}