{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:17:56Z","timestamp":1772558276258,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"NM Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25CA247677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25CA247677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-026-02865-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T14:31:28Z","timestamp":1772548288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Demographic and Health Characteristics in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic Groups Experiencing Homelessness in New Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Anabell","family":"Duran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Aragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7120-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the PICKUP Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jess","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tristin","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelina","family":"Moralez-Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Unruh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fletcher","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Tarhuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Doorley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nolan","family":"Debring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Zwierzchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meggie","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2865_CR1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New Mexico [Internet]. Census bureau quickfacts. United States census bureau. Available from: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/nm.\u00a0Accessed 21 Nov 2018."},{"key":"2865_CR2","unstructured":"U.S. Office of Housing and Urban Development. The 2024 annual homelessness assessment report (AHAR) to congress: PART 1: point-in-time estimates of homelessness December 2024 [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/2024-AHAR-Part-1.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 14 May 2025."},{"key":"2865_CR3","unstructured":"Increasing Latino Homelessness\u2014 What\u2019s Happening, Why, and What to Do About It [Internet]. National alliance to end homelessness. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Latino-Homelessness_ResearchBrief_01242023_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 22 Dec\u00a02025."},{"key":"2865_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S510","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2024.307717","volume":"114","author":"MA Delgado Garcia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delgado Garcia MA, Chinchilla M, Henwood B, Chien J, Kwack S, Kuhn R. Latino-hispanic unsheltered homelessness before and after COVID-19. Am J Public Health. 2024;114:S510\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2865_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Willison C,Unwala N, Singer PM, Creedon TB, Mullin B, Cook BL. Persistent disparities: trends in rates of sheltered homelessness across demographic subgroups in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Dispar. 2024;11:326\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-023-01521-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-023-01521-9"},{"key":"2865_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6","volume":"384","author":"S Fazel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fazel S, Geddes JR, Kushel M. The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations. Lancet. 2014;384:1529\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2865_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12009","volume":"48","author":"LA Lebrun-Harris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lebrun-Harris LA, Baggett TP, Jenkins DM, Sripipatana A, Sharma R, Hayashi AS, et al. Health status and health care experiences among homeless patients in federally supported health centers: findings from the 2009 patient survey. Health Serv Res. 2013;48:992\u20131017.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2865_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.06.001","volume":"37","author":"S Amato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amato S, Nobay F, Amato DP, Abar B, Adler D. Sick and unsheltered: homelessness as a major risk factor for emergency care utilization. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37:415\u201320.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2865_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WaddellCJ,Saldana CS, Schoonveld MM, Meehan AA, Lin CK, Butler JC, et al. Infectious diseases among people experiencing homelessness: a systematic review of the literature in the United States and Canada, 2003\u20132022. Pub Health Rep. 2024;139(5):532\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549241228525.","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549241228525"},{"key":"2865_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.0426","author":"R Barry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barry R, Anderson J, Tran L, Bahji A, Dimitropoulos G, Ghosh SM, et al. Prevalence of mental health disorders among individuals experiencing homelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiat. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.0426.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"2865_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.27922","author":"RD Assaf","year":"2025","unstructured":"Assaf RD, Morris MD, Straus ER, Martinez P, Philbin MM, Kushel M. Illicit substance use and treatment access among adults experiencing homelessness. JAMA. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.27922.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2865_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.27956","volume":"7","author":"SK Dobbins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dobbins SK, Garcia CM, Evans JL, Valle K, Guzman D, Kushel MB. Continued homelessness and depressive symptoms in older adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2427956.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2865_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.3697","volume":"182","author":"RT Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown RT, Evans JL, Valle K, Guzman D, Chen Y-H, Kushel MB. Factors associated with mortality among homeless older adults in California: the HOPE HOME study: the HOPE HOME study. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182:1052\u201360.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2865_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw011","volume":"57","author":"RT Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown RT, Hemati K, Riley ED, Lee CT, Ponath C, Tieu L, et al. Geriatric conditions in a population-based sample of older homeless adults. Gerontologist. 2017;57:757\u201366.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2865_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8557","volume":"30","author":"KA Dickins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dickins KA, Philpotts LL, Flanagan J, Bartels SJ, Baggett TP, Looby SE. Physical and behavioral health characteristics of aging homeless women in the United States: an integrative review. J Womens Health. 2021;30:1493\u2013507.","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2865_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S311","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301421","volume":"103","author":"M Bharel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bharel M, Lin W-C, Zhang J, O\u2019Connell E, Taube R, Clark RE. Health care utilization patterns of homeless individuals in Boston: preparing for Medicaid expansion under the affordable care act. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(Suppl 2):S311\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2865_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720910289","volume":"11","author":"C Gilmer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gilmer C, Buccieri K. Homeless patients associate clinician bias with suboptimal care for mental illness, addictions, and chronic pain. J Prim Care Community Health. 2020;11:2150132720910289.","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"key":"2865_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X","volume":"391","author":"RW Aldridge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aldridge RW, Story A, Hwang SW, Nordentoft M, Luchenski SA, Hartwell G, et al. Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018;391:241\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2865_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.180109","volume":"100","author":"TP Baggett","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baggett TP, O\u2019Connell JJ, Singer DE, Rigotti NA. The unmet health care needs of homeless adults: a national study. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:1326\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2865_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.7870\/cjcmh-2017-028","volume":"36","author":"A Duhoux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duhoux A, Aubry T, Ecker J, Cherner R, Agha A, To MJ, et al. Determinants of unmet mental healthcare needs of single adults who are homeless or vulnerably housed. Can J Commun Ment Health. 2017;36:41\u201357.","journal-title":"Can J Commun Ment Health"},{"key":"2865_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221020","volume":"14","author":"RT Brown","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brown RT, Guzman D, Kaplan LM, Ponath C, Lee CT, Kushel MB. Trajectories of functional impairment in homeless older adults: results from the HOPE HOME study. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0221020.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2865_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noor J, Bezgrebelna M, Kerman N, Farooq M, Green S, Hajat S et al Heat-related health risks for people experiencing homelessness: A rapid review. J Urban Health [Internet]. 2025;102(2):305-331. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-025-00968-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-025-00968-x"},{"key":"2865_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2023.a903059","volume":"34","author":"KA Rudolph","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rudolph KA, Stewart M, Borba CPC. Shelter is stressing me out\u201d: challenges meeting health care needs of older adults in congregate shelters. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2023;34:1003\u201320.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"2865_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Rosario A, Eldredge JD, Doorley S, Mishra SI, Kesler D, Page K. Hepatitis C virus care cascade in persons experiencing homelessness in the United States in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents: A scoping review. J Viral Hepat [Internet]. 2021; Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.13583.","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13583"},{"key":"2865_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118497","volume":"383","author":"JP Sherman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sherman JP, Morris AL, Niccolai LM, Ruff A, Schneider D, Sutton M, et al. Mpox among people reporting being unhoused or engaging in transactional sex within a multijurisdictional case-control study of sexually and gender minoritized individuals- United States, August 2022-March 2024. Soc Sci Med. 2025;383:118497.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2865_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(25)00048-7","volume":"12","author":"JC Dombrowski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dombrowski JC, Corcorran MA, Carney T, Parczewski M, Gandhi M. The impact of homelessness and housing insecurity on HIV. Lancet HIV. 2025;12:e449\u201358.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2865_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209579","volume":"73","author":"RW Aldridge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aldridge RW, Hayward AC, Hemming S, Yates SK, Ferenando G, Possas L, et al. High prevalence of latent tuberculosis and bloodborne virus infection in a homeless population. Thorax. 2018;73:557\u201364.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2865_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123773","volume":"282","author":"KC Crank","year":"2025","unstructured":"Crank KC, Clements E, Barber C, Papp K, Gerrity D. Risk of gastrointestinal illness due to Campylobacter exposure in urban waterways for unsheltered persons experiencing homelessness. Water Res. 2025;282:123773.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2865_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2023.114285","volume":"255","author":"C Anthonj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anthonj C, Mingoti Poague KIH, Fleming L, Stanglow S. Invisible struggles: WASH insecurity and implications of extreme weather among urban homeless in high-income countries - a systematic scoping review. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2024;255:114285.","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"2865_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-019-00379-9","volume":"96","author":"JH Leibler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leibler JH, Liebschutz JM, Keosaian J, Stewart C, Monteiro J, Woodruff A, et al. Homelessness, personal hygiene, and MRSA nasal colonization among persons who inject drugs. J Urban Health. 2019;96:734\u201340.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"2865_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723002428","volume":"54","author":"SF Nilsson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nilsson SF, Wimberley T, Speyer H, Hjorth\u00f8j C, Fazel S, Nordentoft M, et al. The bidirectional association between psychiatric disorders and sheltered homelessness. Psychol Med. 2024;54:742\u201352.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2865_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S282","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301302","volume":"103","author":"RG Thompson Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thompson RG Jr, Wall MM, Greenstein E, Grant BF, Hasin DS. Substance-use disorders and poverty as prospective predictors of first-time homelessness in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(Suppl 2):S282\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2865_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-013-9608-4","volume":"50","author":"HL McQuistion","year":"2014","unstructured":"McQuistion HL, Gorroochurn P, Hsu E, Caton CLM. Risk factors associated with recurrent homelessness after a first homeless episode. Commun Ment Health J. 2014;50:505\u201313.","journal-title":"Commun Ment Health J"},{"key":"2865_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155065","volume":"11","author":"RT Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown RT, Goodman L, Guzman D, Tieu L, Ponath C, Kushel MB. Pathways to homelessness among older homeless adults: results from the HOPE HOME study. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0155065.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2865_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2023.2205522","volume":"44","author":"KA Dickins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dickins KA, Reed M, Paun O, Swanson B, Karnik NS. Biopsychosocial model of traumatic stress symptoms in women experiencing homelessness: a qualitative descriptive study. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2023;44:482\u201393.","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"2865_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13424","volume":"30","author":"MJ Nicholls","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nicholls MJ, Urada LA. Homelessness and polysubstance use: a qualitative study on recovery and treatment access solutions around an urban library in Southern California, USA. Health Soc Care Commun. 2022;30:e175\u201383.","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Commun"},{"key":"2865_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/01488376.2018.1481174","volume":"45","author":"A Shaikh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shaikh A, Rawal H. Interconnections among homelessness, family separation, and mental health: implications for multi-sectoral social services. J Soc Serv Res. 2019;45:543\u201357.","journal-title":"J Soc Serv Res"},{"key":"2865_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241286839","volume":"26","author":"EA Adams","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adams EA, Brennan-Tovey K, McGrath J, Thirkle S, Jain N, Aquino MRJ, et al. A co-produced international qualitative systematic review on lived experiences of trauma during homelessness in adulthood and impacts on mental health. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2025;26:510\u201327.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2865_CR39","unstructured":"Kushel M, Moore T. Towards a new understanding: The California statewide study of people experiencing homelessness. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 16]; Available from: https:\/\/policycommons.net\/artifacts\/4308721\/caspeh_report_62023\/5119094\/."},{"key":"2865_CR40","unstructured":"Young-Ponder, K., Dones, M., Coronado, Z.K., Perry, E., Kushel, M. Latine experiences of homelessness in the California statewide study of people experiencing homelessness. UCSF beni off homelessness and housing initiative [Internet]. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/homelessness.ucsf.edu\/resources\/reports\/toward-equity-latine-experiences-homelessness. Accessed 6 June 2025."},{"key":"2865_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmh.2020.100008","volume":"1\u20132","author":"E Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1eda E, Smith B, Vetter E. Hispanic health disparities and housing: Comparing measured and self-reported health metrics among housed and homeless Latin individuals. J Migr Health. 2020;1\u20132:100008.","journal-title":"J Migr Health"},{"key":"2865_CR42","unstructured":"A novel strategy for counting persons experiencing homelessness and describing their health outcomes in New Mexico healthcare facilities - 2019-2023. NM Dep Health Epidemiol Rep. 2025."},{"key":"2865_CR43","unstructured":"Page K, Phillips CE, Madaras A. PICKUP: Survey of people experiencing homelessness in New Mexico, summary report. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/digitalrepository.unm.edu\/epi_pubs\/3.\u00a0\u00a0Accessed 11 Mar 2025."},{"key":"2865_CR44","unstructured":"Homeless emergency assistance and rapid transition to housing act [Internet]. [ Accessed: 2023 Oct 16]. Available from: https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/homelessness-assistance\/hearth-act\/"},{"key":"2865_CR45","unstructured":"CatalystHarvard | The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center. Community Partner Human Subjects Research Training: A basic training for community partners [PowerPoint slides]. [cited 2025 Sep 12]. 2014. Available from: https:\/\/catalyst.harvard.edu"},{"key":"2865_CR46","unstructured":"Community Advisory Boards [Internet]. Benioff homelessness and housing initiative. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/homelessness.ucsf.edu\/california-statewide-study-homelessness\/community-advisory-boards. Accessed 22 Dec 2025."},{"key":"2865_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1353\/cpr.2016.0053","volume":"10","author":"JP Calzo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calzo JP, Bogart LM, Francis E, Kornetsky SZ, Winkler SJ, Kaberry J. Engaging institutional review boards in developing a brief, community-responsive human subjects training for community partners. Prog Community Health Partnersh. 2016;10:471\u20137.","journal-title":"Prog Community Health Partnersh"},{"key":"2865_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/2752535X241277352","volume":"45","author":"C Hackett","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hackett C. I was treated differently\u201d: reproductive health care experiences among women with recent experiences of incarceration, homelessness, and\/or substance use in a medically underserved area in the southwestern US. Community Health Equity Res Policy. 2025;45:207\u201321.","journal-title":"Community Health Equity Res Policy"},{"key":"2865_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01632","volume":"7","author":"E Valdivieso-Mora","year":"2016","unstructured":"Valdivieso-Mora E, Peet CL, Garnier-Villarreal M, Salazar-Villanea M, Johnson DK. A systematic review of the relationship between familism and mental health outcomes in Latino population. Front Psychol. 2016;7:1632.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2865_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gallo LC, Rosas CE, McCurley JL, Hernandez Mozo E, Penedo FJ, Roesch SC, et al. Social, psychological, and cultural dimensions of cardiovascular health among Hispanic\/Latino adults: A narrative review of findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos. Health Psychol [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Dec 15]; Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/hea0001562.","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001562"},{"key":"2865_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-019-00082-9","volume":"43","author":"R Murillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murillo R, Pirzada A, Wu D, Gallo LC, Davis S, Ostrovsky NW, et al. The association between family social network size and healthy lifestyle factors: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos (HCHS\/SOL). J Behav Med. 2020;43:198\u2013208.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"2865_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-015-9713-4","volume":"49","author":"FJ Penedo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Penedo FJ, Brintz CE, LLabre MM, Arguelles W, Isasi CR, Arredondo EM, et al. Family environment and the metabolic syndrome: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/study of Latinos (HCHS\/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study (SCAS). Ann Behav Med. 2015;49:793\u2013801.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"2865_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortmann AL, Roesch SC, Penedo FJ, Isasi CR, Carnethon MR, Corsino L, et al. Glycemic control among U.S. Hispanics\/Latinos with diabetes from the HCHS\/SOL sociocultural ancillary study: do structural and functional social support play a role?. J Behav Med. 2015;38:153\u20139.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-014-9587-0"},{"key":"2865_CR54","first-page":"131","volume":"4","author":"EL Merz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merz EL, Roesch SC, Malcarne VL, Penedo FJ, Talavera GA, Casta\u00f1eda SF, et al. Social support, simpat\u00eda, and hypertension prevalence in Hispanics\/Latinos: Findings from the HCHS\/SOL sociocultural ancillary Study. J Lat Psychol. 2016;4:131\u201341.","journal-title":"J Lat Psychol"},{"key":"2865_CR55","unstructured":"Kent D. 11 facts about hispanic origin groups in the U.S [Internet]. Pew Research Center. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2023\/08\/16\/11-facts-about-hispanic-origin-groups-in-the-us\/.\u00a0Accessed 16 Dec 2025."},{"key":"2865_CR56","unstructured":"A mosaic, not a monolith: A profile of the U.s. latino population, 2000\u20132020 [Internet]. Latino Policy & Politics Institute. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/latino.ucla.edu\/research\/latino-population-2000-2020\/. Accessed 16 Dec 2025."},{"key":"2865_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1177\/0739986303258126","volume":"25","author":"SJ Conroy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conroy SJ, Heer DM. Hidden Hispanic homelessness in Los Angeles: the \u201cLatino paradox\u201d revisited. Hispanic J Behav Sci. 2003;25:530\u20138.","journal-title":"Hispanic J Behav Sci"},{"key":"2865_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2452163","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52163","volume":"7","author":"T Byrne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Byrne T, Doran KM, Kuhn R, Metraux S, Schretzman M, Treglia D, et al. Persistence of a birth cohort effect in the US among the adult homeless population. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2452163.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2865_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2023.2212279","volume":"58","author":"DR Fine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fine DR, Joyce A, Chang Y, Lewis E, Weinstock K, Wright J, et al. Health care utilization among homeless-experienced adults who were seen by a mobile addiction health clinic in boston, massachusetts: a quasi-experimental study. Subst Use Misuse. 2023;58:1115\u201320.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"2865_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tucker JS, Perez LG, Klein DJ, D\u2019Amico EJ. Homelessness and food insecurity during emerging adulthood: associations with changes in behavioral and physical health over a two-year period. J Adolesc Health [Internet]. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.12.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.12.007"},{"key":"2865_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrion AF, Ghanta R, Carrasquillo O, Martin P. Chronic liver disease in the Hispanic population of the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:834\u201341; quiz e109\u201310.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.04.027"},{"key":"2865_CR62","first-page":"801","volume":"72","author":"GK Singh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Singh GK, Hoyert DL. Social epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis mortality in the United States, 1935-1997: trends and differentials by ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and alcohol consumption. Hum Biol. 2000;72:801\u201320.","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"2865_CR63","unstructured":"SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics, Quality. Section 5 PE tables - results from the 2023 national survey on drug use and health: detailed tables, SAMHSA, CBHSQ [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/rpt47100\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2023\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2023\/2023-nsduh-detailed-tables-sect5pe.htm. Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"2865_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab290","volume":"191","author":"T Townsend","year":"2022","unstructured":"Townsend T, Kline D, Rivera-Aguirre A, Bunting AM, Mauro PM, Marshall BDL, et al. Racial\/ethnic and geographic trends in combined stimulant\/opioid overdoses, 2007\u20132019. Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191:599\u2013612.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2865_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2024.2395494","author":"J Frankeberger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frankeberger J, Perdue T, Ramirez E, Valdez A, Cepeda A. Correlates of current methamphetamine use and opioid co-use among Latina women in a low-income community. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02791072.2024.2395494.","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"2865_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109001","volume":"227","author":"M Kariisa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kariisa M, Seth P, Scholl L, Wilson N, Davis NL. Drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants with abuse potential among racial and ethnic groups - United States, 2004-2019. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;227:109001.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2865_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199611000-00003","volume":"184","author":"SM Goldfinger","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goldfinger SM, Schutt RK, Seidman LJ, Turner WM, Penk WE, Tolomiczenko GS. Self-report and observer measures of substance abuse among homeless mentally ill persons in the cross-section and over time. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1996;184:667\u201372.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2865_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0758-0","volume":"16","author":"JM Somers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Somers JM, Moniruzzaman A, Currie L, Rezansoff SN, Russolillo A, Parpouchi M. Accuracy of reported service use in a cohort of people who are chronically homeless and seriously mentally ill. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:41.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2865_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20954-3","volume":"25","author":"M Schoonveld","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schoonveld M, Hammond A, Li V, Mosites E, Clarke KEN. Improving data on homelessness and health: partnering with community-based organizations. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:2918.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2865_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105096","volume":"116","author":"MH Morton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morton MH, Kugley S, Epstein R, Farrell A. Interventions for youth homelessness: a systematic review of effectiveness studies. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;116:105096.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02865-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02865-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02865-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:03:03Z","timestamp":1772553783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02865-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["2865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02865-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The UNM HSC IRB granted Exempt classification with a waiver of written informed consent. Participants were provided with detailed information, including all the elements of informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"Dr. Page discloses that she has received support from Gilead Sciences for speaking and travel not related to this project. She and all other authors have no other financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}