{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T14:48:49Z","timestamp":1775573329905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004870","name":"Research Foundation of The City University of New York","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["66735-00 54"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["66735-00 54"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CUNY Black, Race and Ethnic Studies Initiative funded by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation"},{"name":"Baruch College Marxe School Dean's Research Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-026-02872-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:52:06Z","timestamp":1775569926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental and Physical Health Impacts of Anti-Asian Violence on Chinese Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5979-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2532-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Van","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2872_CR1","unstructured":"Administration for Community Living. \u201c2020 profile of Asian Americans age 65 and older.\u201d Department of Health and Human Services. 2021."},{"key":"2872_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Assari S, Moazen-Zadeh E, Caldwell CH, Zimmerman MA. Racial discrimination during adolescence predicts mental health deterioration in adulthood: Gender differences among blacks. Front Public Health. 2017;5:104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00104.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00104"},{"issue":"2","key":"2872_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-9524(00)00010-3","volume":"2","author":"TN Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown TN, Williams DR, Jackson JS, Neighbors HW, Torres M, Sellers SL, et al. \u2018Being Black and feeling blue\u2019: the mental health consequences of racial discrimination. Race and Society. 2000;2(2):117\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1090-9524(00)00010-3.","journal-title":"Race and Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"2872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211018675","volume":"136","author":"DH Chae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chae DH, Yip T, Martz CD, Chung K, Richeson JA, Hajat A, et al. Vicarious racism and vigilance during the COVID-19 pandemic: mental health implications among Asian and Black Americans. Public Health Reports\u00ae. 2021;136(4):508\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549211018675.","journal-title":"Public Health Reports\u00ae"},{"issue":"6","key":"2872_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198120965513","volume":"47","author":"LM Chatters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chatters LM, Taylor HO, Taylor RJ. Older Black Americans during COVID-19: race and age double jeopardy. Health Education & Behavior. 2020;47(6):855\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198120965513.","journal-title":"Health Education & Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"2872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-021816","volume":"146","author":"CSL Cheah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheah CSL, Wang C, Ren H, Zong X, Cho HS, Xue X. COVID-19 racism and mental health in Chinese American families. Pediatrics. 2020;146(5):e2020021816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-021816.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2872_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114308","volume":"285","author":"S Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen S, Mallory AB. The effect of racial discrimination on mental and physical health: a propensity score weighting approach. Soc Sci Med. 2021;285:114308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114308.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2872_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000052","volume":"62","author":"H-L Cheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheng H-L, Mallinckrodt B. Racial\/ethnic discrimination, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and alcohol problems in a longitudinal study of Hispanic\/Latino college students. J Counseling Psychol. 2015;62(1):38\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000052.","journal-title":"J Counseling Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2872_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-021-01271-y","volume":"24","author":"YJ Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho YJ, Lee WJ, Oh H, Lee JO, Kim B-K, Jang Y. Perceived racial discrimination and mental health in diverse groups of Asian Americans: the differing impacts by age, education, and ethnicity. J Immigr Minor Health. 2022;24(4):970\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10903-021-01271-y.","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2872_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025432","volume":"18","author":"T Chou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chou T, Asnaani A, Hofmann SG. Perception of racial discrimination and psychopathology across three U.S. ethnic minority groups. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol. 2012;18(1):74\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0025432.","journal-title":"Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol"},{"key":"2872_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","volume":"24","author":"S Cohen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:386\u201396.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"2872_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2018.1562398","author":"SE Crewe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crewe SE. The task is far from completed: double jeopardy and older African Americans. Soc Work Public Health. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19371918.2018.1562398.","journal-title":"Soc Work Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2872_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-015-0394-x","volume":"45","author":"AN Davis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davis AN, Carlo G, Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, et al. The longitudinal associations between discrimination, depressive symptoms, and prosocial behaviors in U.S. Latino\/a recent immigrant adolescents. J Youth Adolesc. 2016;45(3):457\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-015-0394-x.","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"2872_CR14","unstructured":"Faverio, Michelle. 2022. \"Share of those 65 and older who are tech users has grown in the past decade.\" Pew Research Center. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2022\/01\/13\/share-of-those-65-and-older-who-are-tech-users-has-grown-in-the-past-decade\/"},{"issue":"10","key":"2872_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305217","volume":"109","author":"AM Galinsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galinsky AM, Simile C, Zelaya CE, Norris T, Panapasa SV. Surveying strategies for hard-to-survey populations: lessons from the Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey. Am J Public Health. 2019;109(10):1384\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2872_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gee GC, Ryan A, Laflamme DJ, Holt J. Self-reported discrimination and mental health status among African descendants, Mexican Americans, and other Latinos in the New Hampshire REACH 2010 Initiative: The added dimension of immigration. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(10):1821\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2005.080085.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.080085"},{"issue":"10","key":"2872_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.02.013","volume":"64","author":"GC Gee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gee GC, Spencer M, Chen J, Yip T, Takeuchi DT. The association between self-reported racial discrimination and 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders among Asian Americans nationwide. Social Science & Medicine. 2007;64(10):1984\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.02.013.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2872_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301706","volume":"104","author":"S George","year":"2014","unstructured":"George S, Duran N, Norris K. A systematic review of barriers and facilitators to minority research participation among African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(2):e16-31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301706.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2872_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2019.1660287","volume":"25","author":"JR Goodwill","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goodwill JR, Taylor RJ, Watkins DC. Everyday discrimination, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation among African American men. Arch Suicide Res. 2021;25(1):74\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13811118.2019.1660287.","journal-title":"Arch Suicide Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2872_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09792-1","volume":"20","author":"RA Hackett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hackett RA, Ronaldson A, Bhui K, Steptoe A, Jackson SE. Racial discrimination and health: a prospective study of ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-09792-1.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2872_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12740","volume":"56","author":"SL Haft","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haft SL, Zhou Q. An outbreak of xenophobia: perceived discrimination and anxiety in Chinese American college students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Psychol. 2021;56(4):522\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijop.12740.","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"key":"2872_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114084","volume":"303","author":"HC Hahm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hahm HC, Ha Y, Scott JC, Wongchai V, Chen JA, Liu CH. Perceived COVID-19-related anti-Asian discrimination predicts post traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Asian and Asian American young adults. Psychiatr Res. 2021;303:114084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114084.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2872_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.958517","author":"J Huynh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huynh J, Chien J, Nguyen AT, Honda D, Cho EE, Xiong M, et al. The mental health of Asian American adolescents and young adults amid the rise of anti-Asian racism. Front Public Health. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.958517.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2872_CR24","unstructured":"Jeung, Russell, AJ Yellow Horse, Theresa Chen, Anne Saw, Boaz Tang, Alison Lo, Mika Ro, Layla Schweng, Samiksha Krishnamurthy, and Winnie Chan. 2022. \u201cAnti-Asian Hate, Social Isolation, and Mental Health among Asian American Elders during COVID-19.\u201d Stop AAPI Hate."},{"issue":"4","key":"2872_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-3729","volume":"175","author":"AM Kanaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanaya AM, Hsing AW, Panapasa SV, Kandula NR, Araneta MRG, Shimbo D, et al. Knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities in health and prevention research for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: a report from the 2021 National Institutes of Health Workshop. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(4):574\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M21-3729.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2872_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaa037","volume":"4","author":"G Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim G, Wang SY, Park S, Yun SW. Mental health of Asian American older adults: contemporary issues and future directions. Innov Aging. 2020;4(5):igaa037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geroni\/igaa037.","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2872_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000275","volume":"6","author":"S Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee S, Waters SF. Asians and Asian Americans\u2019 experiences of racial discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on health outcomes and the buffering role of social support. Stigma Health. 2021;6(1):70\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sah0000275.","journal-title":"Stigma Health"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"2872_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw174","volume":"72","author":"LW Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li LW, Dong XinQi. Self-reported discrimination and depressive symptoms among older Chinese adults in Chicago. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2017;72(suppl_1):S119\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glw174.","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"},{"issue":"7","key":"2872_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.1090","volume":"184","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li L, Kang J, Ho M, Li AT, Shih JJ, Yeh J, et al. Anti-Asian hate and the health of older Asian individuals. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(7):838\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.1090.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2872_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19016","volume":"72","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li L, Kang J, Nguyen B, Ho M, Li AT, Shih JJ, et al. Hate has chipped away at my sense of security\u201d: a survey study of the impacts of anti-Asian hate on the health of older Asians. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2024;72(7):2174\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.19016.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2872_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113345","volume":"292","author":"CH Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu CH, Stevens C, Conrad RC, Hahm HC. Evidence for elevated psychiatric distress, poor sleep, and quality of life concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. young adults with suspected and reported psychiatric diagnoses. Psychiatr Res. 2020;292:113345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113345.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2872_CR32","unstructured":"Mouzon DM, Brock BD. Racial discrimination, discrimination-related coping, and mental health among older African Americans. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics: Black older adults in the era of black lives matter. 2021;41:85\u2013121."},{"key":"2872_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-024-01988-0","author":"VK Ngo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ngo VK, Vu TT, Punter MA, Levine D, Mateu-Gelabert P, Borrell LN. Mental health concerns during COVID-19: an observational study among a predominantly Black community in New York City. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-024-01988-0.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"issue":"7","key":"2872_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.085316","volume":"97","author":"S Noh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Noh S, Kaspar V, Wickrama K. Overt and subtle racial discrimination and mental health: preliminary findings for Korean immigrants. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(7):1269\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2005.085316.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"2872_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138511","volume":"10","author":"Y Paradies","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paradies Y, Ben J, Denson N, Elias A, Priest N, Pieterse A, et al. Racism as a determinant of health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0138511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138511.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2872_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016059","volume":"135","author":"EA Pascoe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pascoe EA, Richman LS. Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(4):531\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0016059.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"S3","key":"2872_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S258","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307426","volume":"114","author":"BL Perry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perry BL, Smith NC, Coleman ME, Pescosolido BA. Social networks, the COVID-19 pandemic, and emerging adults\u2019 mental health: resiliency through social bonding and cohesion. Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S3):S258-67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307426.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2872_CR38","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan, K., Wong, J., Lee, J., Sadhwani, S., & Shao, S. 2021. \"Tip of the iceberg: Estimates of AAPI hate incidents far more extensive than reported. AAPI Data.\" Retrieved from http:\/\/aapidata.com\/blog\/tip-iceberg-march2021-survey\/."},{"issue":"5","key":"2872_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2014.932756","volume":"20","author":"R Schunck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schunck R, Reiss K, Razum O. Pathways between perceived discrimination and health among immigrants: evidence from a large national panel survey in Germany. Ethn Health. 2015;20(5):493\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13557858.2014.932756.","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"key":"2872_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07540-2","volume":"37","author":"L Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi L, Zhang D, Martin E, et al. Racial discrimination, mental health and behavioral health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey in the United States. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37:2496\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-022-07540-2.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2872_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takamura JC, Browne C, Jeung R, Yellow Horse AJ, Kwok D, Howard D. Asian American elders: Caught in the crosshairs of a syndemic of racism, misogyny, and ageism during coronavirus cisease 2019. Public Policy Aging Rep. 2022;32(3):87\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ppar\/prac011.","DOI":"10.1093\/ppar\/prac011"},{"key":"2872_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-031021-012617","volume":"50","author":"VC Tran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tran VC. Asian American diversity and growth. Annu Rev Sociol. 2024;50:581\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-soc-031021-012617.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sociol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2872_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2022.2026449","volume":"17","author":"A Viazminsky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Viazminsky A, Borho A, Morawa E, Schmitt GM, Erim Y. Perceived discrimination among Syrian refugees in Germany and its associations with mental health. Glob Public Health. 2022;17(11):2854\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17441692.2022.2026449.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2872_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/ppar\/prac015","volume":"32","author":"B Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu B, Qi X. Addressing health disparities among older Asian American populations: research, data, and policy. Public Policy & Aging Report. 2022;32(3):105\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ppar\/prac015.","journal-title":"Public Policy & Aging Report"},{"issue":"5","key":"2872_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2020.1851739","volume":"44","author":"C Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu C, Qian Y, Wilkes R. Anti-Asian discrimination and the Asian-White mental health gap during COVID-19. Ethnic Racial Stud. 2021;44(5):819\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01419870.2020.1851739.","journal-title":"Ethnic Racial Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"2872_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032539","volume":"20","author":"L Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu L, Li J, Mao W, Chi I. Exploration of social exclusion among older Chinese immigrants in the USA. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20032539.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2872_CR47","unstructured":"Yam, Kimmy. 2021. \"NYPD Reports 361 Percent Increase in Anti-Asian Hate Crimes Since Last Year.\" Retrieved at: nbcnews.com\/news\/asian-america\/nypd-reports-361-percent"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2872_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igac059.1326","volume":"6","author":"M Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan M, Jang Y, Wilber K. MENTAL HEALTH IMPACT OF DISCRIMINATION: THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN DIVERSE GROUPS OF OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging. 2022;6(Suppl 1):336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geroni\/igac059.1326.","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"2872_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.953155","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Cruz-Gonzalez M, Lin Z, Ouyang X, Zhao F, Alegr\u00eda M. Association of everyday discrimination with health outcomes among Asian and non-Asian US older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.953155.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2872_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13723","volume":"56","author":"S Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou S, Banawa R, Oh H. Stop Asian hate: the mental health impact of racial discrimination among Asian Pacific Islander young and emerging adults during COVID-19. Health Serv Res. 2021;56(S2):8\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.13723.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02872-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02872-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02872-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:52:10Z","timestamp":1775569930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02872-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["2872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-026-02872-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}