{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T19:56:18Z","timestamp":1781812578299,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As more people imagine a world without prisons, we must sharpen ourunderstanding of the racialized gendered harm of carceral systems and the care needsof formerly incarcerated older Black adults, for whom harms may be particularlysevere. This study examines associations between incarceration, health, and copingresources among a nationally representative sample of older Black women and men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data are from the 2012 and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study.Using logistic regression, we examined whether the odds of having high levels ofcoping resources or experiencing any health conditions differed between neverincarcerated and formerly incarcerated people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formerly incarcerated older Black women had worse health outcomes thannever-incarcerated older Black women, including higher odds of having depressivesymptoms, limitations to activities of daily living, a heart condition, and a psychiatricdisorder. Health outcomes did not differ by incarceration status for older Black men, butcoping resources did.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Future public health research, practice, and policy on incarceration andhealth need to include an intersectional analysis of racism, sexism, and ageism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-026-02953-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T19:37:33Z","timestamp":1781811453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incarceration and the Health of Older Black Women and Men"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mienah Zulfacar","family":"Sharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie J.","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeruiah V.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uchechi A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2953_CR1","first-page":"372","volume":"80","author":"EJ Gifford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gifford EJ. 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Aging with incarceration histories: an intersectional examination of incarceration and health outcomes among older adults. journals gerontology: Ser B. 2023;78(5):853\u201365.","journal-title":"Journals Gerontology: Ser B"},{"key":"2953_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maschi, T, Viola D, & Koskinen L. Trauma, stress, and coping among older adults in prison: Towards a human rights and intergenerational family justice action agenda. Traumatology, 2015;21(3):188.","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000021"},{"issue":"3","key":"2953_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E239","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2022.239","volume":"24","author":"ZH Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan ZH, Iwai Y, DasGupta S. Abolitionist reimaginings of health. AMA J Ethics. 2022;24(3):E239\u2013246.","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"2953_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.2307\/146277","volume":"30","author":"FT Juster","year":"1995","unstructured":"Juster FT, Suzman R. An overview of the health and retirement study. J Hum Resour. 1995;30:S7\u201356.","journal-title":"J Hum Resour"},{"issue":"7","key":"2953_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15235","volume":"78","author":"HA Addison","year":"2022","unstructured":"Addison HA, Richmond TS, Lewis LM, et al. Mental health outcomes in formerly incarcerated black men: a systematic mixed studies review. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78(7):1851\u201369.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"2953_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750","volume":"102","author":"L Bowleg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bowleg L. The problem with the phrase women and minorities: intersectionality\u2014an important theoretical framework for public health. 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