{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:18:26Z","timestamp":1786123106932,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guy's & St Thomas' Charity","award":["EDG210802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDG210802"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-026-03132-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:04:53Z","timestamp":1786111493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Evaluation of the Implementation of Co-produced Strategies for Inclusion of Newly Qualified Physiotherapists from Racially Minoritized Backgrounds in a Large, Urban NHS Trust, UK"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8889-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charmaine","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5516-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5851-0869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacky","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trupti","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Gleave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5246-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3132_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1080\/00131857.2020.1777640","volume":"53","author":"J Arday","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arday J. Fighting the tide: understanding the difficulties facing Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) doctoral students\u2019 pursuing a career in academia. Educ Philos Theory. 2020;53(10):972\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00131857.2020.1777640.","journal-title":"Educ Philos Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"3132_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/0309877x.2011.644777","volume":"37","author":"LA Frumkin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frumkin LA, Koutsoubou M. Exploratory investigation of drivers of attainment in ethnic minority adult learners. J Furth High Educ. 2013;37(2):147\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0309877x.2011.644777.","journal-title":"J Furth High Educ"},{"key":"3132_CR3","unstructured":"NHS England: Workforce Race Equality Standard: 2024 data analysis report for NHS trusts. 2024. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/about\/equality\/equality-hub\/workforce-equality-data-standards\/equality-standard\/. Accessed 15 Dec 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"3132_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1821-6","volume":"19","author":"JA Hammond","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammond JA, Williams A, Walker S, Norris M. Working hard to belong: a qualitative study exploring students from black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds experiences of pre-registration physiotherapy education. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-019-1821-6.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3132_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2024.101415","volume":"126","author":"C Turner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Turner C, Bhandari T, Jones GD, Jones J, Gleave L, Hammond JA. Explorations of strategies for inclusion for newly qualified physiotherapists from racially minoritised groups in a large, urban NHS Trust, UK. Physiotherapy. 2025;126(1):101415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physio.2024.101415.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"3132_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/0840470418773785","volume":"31","author":"GK Gill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gill GK, McNally MJ, Berman V. Effective diversity, equity, and inclusion practices. Healthc Manage Forum. 2018;31(5):196\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0840470418773785.","journal-title":"Healthc Manage Forum"},{"issue":"2","key":"3132_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7202\/1111225ar","volume":"20","author":"T Garakani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garakani T, Nzobonimpa S, Mbengue-Reiver M-A. In pursuit of inclusion: studying the impact of EDI policies in the workplace and exploring the challenges of measurement. Rev Gouvernance. 2023;20(2):1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/1111225ar.","journal-title":"Rev Gouvernance"},{"key":"3132_CR8","unstructured":"Daniels K, Connolly S, Woodard R, C. vS, J. P, Fong K, et al.: NHS staff wellbeing: Why investing in organisational and management practices makes business sense. A rapid ecomonic review and economic analsysis. 2022. https:\/\/eppi.ioe.ac.uk\/cms\/Default.aspx?tabid=3861. Accessed 30 Nov 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"3132_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3390\/higheredu2010011","volume":"2","author":"G Wolbring","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wolbring G, Nguyen A. Equity\/equality, diversity and inclusion, and other EDI phrases and EDI policy frameworks: a scoping review. Trends High Educ. 2023;2(1):168\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/higheredu2010011.","journal-title":"Trends High Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"3132_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1108\/edi-02-2022-0048","volume":"42","author":"R Pizarro Milian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pizarro Milian R, Wijesingha R. Why do EDI policies fail? An inhabited institutions perspective. Equality Divers Inclusion Int J. 2023;42(3):449\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/edi-02-2022-0048.","journal-title":"Equality Divers Inclusion Int J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3132_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/15210960.2020.1845178","volume":"22","author":"R Endo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Endo R. Retaining and supporting faculty who are black, indigenous, and people of color: the promise of a multi-leveled mentoring-partnership model. Multicult Perspect. 2020;22(4):169\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15210960.2020.1845178.","journal-title":"Multicult Perspect"},{"key":"3132_CR12","unstructured":"McGregor-Smith R: Race in the workplace: The McGregor-Smith review - report. 2017. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/race-in-the-workplace-the-mcgregor-smith-review. Accessed 04 Dec 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"3132_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721418766068","volume":"27","author":"VC Plaut","year":"2018","unstructured":"Plaut VC, Thomas KM, Hurd K, Romano CA. Do color blindness and multiculturalism remedy or foster discrimination and racism? Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2018;27(3):200\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963721418766068.","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3132_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzaa025","volume":"32","author":"R O\u2019Donovan","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Donovan R, McAuliffe E. A systematic review of factors that enable psychological safety in healthcare teams. Int J Qual Health Care. 2020;32(4):240\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intqhc\/mzaa025.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"3132_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233339362110731","DOI":"10.1177\/23333936211073116","volume":"9","author":"K Iheduru-Anderson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iheduru-Anderson K, Okoro FO, Moore SS. Diversity and inclusion or tokens? a qualitative study of black women academic nurse leaders in the United States. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2022;9:23333936211073116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23333936211073116.","journal-title":"Glob Qual Nurs Res"},{"key":"3132_CR16","volume-title":"Evaluation foundations revisited: cultivating a life of the mind for practice","author":"T Schwandt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwandt T. Evaluation foundations revisited: cultivating a life of the mind for practice. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press; 2015."},{"key":"3132_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2017.09.012","volume":"66","author":"J Neumann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neumann J, Robson A, Sloan D. Monitoring and evaluation of strategic change programme implementation-lessons from a case analysis. Eval Program Plann. 2018;66:120\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2017.09.012.","journal-title":"Eval Program Plann"},{"issue":"12","key":"3132_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004480","volume":"25","author":"D Goodman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goodman D, Ogrinc G, Davies L, Baker GR, Barnsteiner J, Foster TC, et al. Explanation and elaboration of the SQUIRE (Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence) Guidelines, V.2.0: examples of SQUIRE elements in the healthcare improvement literature. BMJ Qual Saf. 2016;25(12):e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004480.","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"3132_CR19","unstructured":"NHS England: Co-production and quality improvement \u2013 a resource guide. Ref: PAR1498_iv. 2023. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/long-read\/co-production-and-quality-improvement-a-resource-guide\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"3132_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0448-2","volume":"3","author":"AV Norstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","unstructured":"Norstr\u00f6m AV, Cvitanovic C, L\u00f6f MF, West S, Wyborn C, Balvanera P, et al. Principles for knowledge co-production in sustainability research. Nat Sustain. 2020;3(3):182\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-019-0448-2.","journal-title":"Nat Sustain"},{"key":"3132_CR21","first-page":"65","volume-title":"New approaches to evaluating community initiatives: concepts, methods, and contexts roundtable on comperhensive community initiatives for children and families","author":"C Weiss","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weiss C. Nothing as practical as good theory: exploring theory-based evaluation for comprehensive community initiatives for children and families. In: Connell JP, editor. New approaches to evaluating community initiatives: concepts, methods, and contexts roundtable on comperhensive community initiatives for children and families. Queenstown, MD, USA: Aspen Institute; 1995. p. 65\u201392."},{"issue":"4","key":"3132_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841x9702100405","volume":"21","author":"CH Weiss","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weiss CH. How can theory-based evaluation make greater headway? Eval Rev. 1997;21(4):501\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0193841x9702100405.","journal-title":"Eval Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3132_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2021.565994","volume":"53","author":"WL Hobson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hobson WL, Olson LM, Hopf HW, Winter LC, Byington CL. \u201cThe adjunct faculty are our lifeblood\u201d an institution\u2019s response to deliver value to volunteer community faculty. Fam Med. 2021;53(2):133\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22454\/FamMed.2021.565994.","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3132_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11931","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-022-02560-8","volume":"25","author":"E Ilbahar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ilbahar E, Kahraman C, Cebi S. Evaluation of sustainable energy planning scenarios with a new approach based on FCM, WASPAS and impact effort matrix. Environ Dev Sustain. 2022;25(10):11931\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-022-02560-8.","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3132_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1108\/ijppm-01-2013-0018","volume":"63","author":"A Prashar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prashar A. Adoption of Six Sigma DMAIC to reduce cost of poor quality. Int J Prod Perform Manag. 2014;63(1):103\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijppm-01-2013-0018.","journal-title":"Int J Prod Perform Manag"},{"key":"3132_CR26","unstructured":"Croft D: Learn Lean6Sigma Guide: Impact and Effort Matrix. 2024. https:\/\/www.learnleansigma.com\/guides\/impact-effort-matrix\/. Accessed 29 Oct 2024."},{"key":"3132_CR27","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology volume 38. Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"DK Sherman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sherman DK, Cohen GL. The psychology of self\u2010defense: self\u2010affirmation theory. In: Zanna MP, editor. Advances in experimental social psychology volume 38. Advances in experimental social psychology. Cambridge MA: Elsevier Academic Press; 2006. p. 183\u2013242."},{"key":"3132_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315456539","volume-title":"Research methods in education","author":"L Cohen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen L, Manion L, Morrison K. Research methods in education. 8th ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge; 2017.","edition":"8th ed"},{"issue":"8","key":"3132_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987120927206","volume":"25","author":"S Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell S, Greenwood M, Prior S, Shearer T, Walkem K, Young S, et al. Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research Case Examples. J Res Nurs. 2020;25(8):652\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1744987120927206.","journal-title":"J Res Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"3132_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3132_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689809349691","volume":"4","author":"FM Yvonne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yvonne FM. Doing mixed methods research pragmatically: implications for the rediscovery of pragmatism as a research paradigm. J Mixed Methods Res. 2009;4(1):6\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1558689809349691.","journal-title":"J Mixed Methods Res"},{"key":"3132_CR32","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC): Lord Mann review of antisemitism and other forms of racism in the NHS and healthcare regulatory system. 2026. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/lord-mann-review-on-antisemitism-and-other-forms-of-racism-in-the-nhs\/lord-mann-review-of-antisemitism-and-other-forms-of-racism-in-the-nhs-and-healthcare-regulatory-system#conclusion. Accessed 11 July 2026."},{"key":"3132_CR33","unstructured":"NHS England: Ethnicity Recording Improvement Plan. 2025. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/long-read\/ethnicity-recording-improvement-plan\/. Accessed 01 July 2026."},{"issue":"4","key":"3132_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70363","volume":"28","author":"Y Dairo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dairo Y, Norris M, Williams A, Hammond JA. Co-creation methodology for developing a racial inclusivity training resource in physiotherapy education. Health Expect. 2025;28(4):e70363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hex.70363.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"2","key":"3132_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080234","volume":"89","author":"DU Jette","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jette DU, Halbert J, Iverson C, Miceli E, Shah P. Use of standardized outcome measures in physical therapist practice: perceptions and applications. Phys Ther. 2009;89(2):125\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20080234.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"3132_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s41469-023-00150-0","volume":"12","author":"A Freeman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freeman A, Ko\u00e7ak \u00d6. Designing inclusive organizational identities. J Organ Des. 2023;12(4):177\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41469-023-00150-0.","journal-title":"J Organ Des"},{"issue":"1","key":"3132_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-7-148","volume":"7","author":"C May","year":"2007","unstructured":"May C, Finch T, Mair F, Ballini L, Dowrick C, Eccles M, et al. Understanding the implementation of complex interventions in health care: the normalization process model. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;7(1):148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-7-148.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"3132_CR38","volume-title":"On Being Included","author":"AS On","year":"2012","unstructured":"On AS, Included B. On Being Included. New York, USA: Duke University Press; 2012."},{"key":"3132_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.26193002","volume-title":"White privilege: the myth of a post-racial society","author":"K Bhopal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhopal K. White privilege: the myth of a post-racial society. Bristol: Bristol University Press and Policy Press; 2025."},{"key":"3132_CR40","volume-title":"The value of difference: eliminating bias in organisations","author":"B Kandola","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kandola B. The value of difference: eliminating bias in organisations. Oxford: Pearn Kandola Publishing; 2009."},{"issue":"29","key":"3132_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba4677","volume":"6","author":"MC Murphy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murphy MC, Gopalan M, Carter ER, Emerson KTU, Bottoms BL, Walton GM. A customized belonging intervention improves retention of socially disadvantaged students at a broad-access university. Sci Adv. 2020;6(29):eaba4677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aba4677.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"5","key":"3132_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1177\/13684302241312675","volume":"28","author":"PL Versteegen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Versteegen PL, Adams BG. More than just belonging? Uniqueness\u2019 role in inclusion experiences. Group Process Intergr Relat. 2025;28(5):1054\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13684302241312675.","journal-title":"Group Process Intergr Relat"},{"key":"3132_CR43","volume-title":"Dare to lead: brave work. Tough conversations. Whole hearts","author":"B Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown B. Dare to lead: brave work. Tough conversations. Whole hearts. New York NY: Random house; 2018."},{"key":"3132_CR44","unstructured":"CIPD: Race Inclusion Reports. Report 1 - Talking About Race at Work. 2021. https:\/\/www.cipd.org\/uk\/knowledge\/reports\/race-inclusion-race-work\/. Accessed 28 Oct 2024."},{"key":"3132_CR45","unstructured":"Creary S: How to Begin Talking About Race in the Workplace. 2015. https:\/\/knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu\/article\/begin-talking-race-workplace\/. Accessed 12 Oct 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"3132_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000406","volume":"27","author":"JL Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith JL, McPartlan P, Poe J, Thoman DB. Diversity fatigue: a survey for measuring attitudes towards diversity enhancing efforts in academia. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2021;27(4):659\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cdp0000406.","journal-title":"Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol"},{"key":"3132_CR47","volume-title":"Men and women of the corporation","author":"RM Kanter","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kanter RM. Men and women of the corporation. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1977."},{"key":"3132_CR48","volume-title":"Men and women of the corporation: new edition","author":"RM Kanter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kanter RM. Men and women of the corporation: new edition. New York: Basic books; 1993."},{"issue":"4","key":"3132_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1136\/leader-2024-001175","volume":"9","author":"H Blake","year":"2025","unstructured":"Blake H, Scarlett K, Khulumula SK, Chouliara N. Mixed-methods evaluation of targeted leadership development training to support the career progression of the black and minority ethnic NHS workforce. BMJ Lead. 2025;9(4):470\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/leader-2024-001175.","journal-title":"BMJ Lead"},{"key":"3132_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nm.2026.e2192","author":"C Barker","year":"2026","unstructured":"Barker C, Rogers M. Identifying barriers to equality and diversity within the trainee advanced practitioner workforce. Nurs Manag (Harrow). 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7748\/nm.2026.e2192.","journal-title":"Nurs Manag (Harrow)"},{"key":"3132_CR51","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC): NHS staff standards: overview and summaries - Tackling racism staff standard. 2026. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/nhs-staff-standards\/nhs-staff-standards-overview-and-summaries#tackling-racism-staff-standard. Accessed 11 July 2026."},{"issue":"2","key":"3132_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/1534484318765843","volume":"17","author":"CA Wiggins-Romesburg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiggins-Romesburg CA, Githens RP. The psychology of diversity resistance and integration. Hum Resour Dev Rev. 2018;17(2):179\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534484318765843.","journal-title":"Hum Resour Dev Rev"},{"key":"3132_CR53","volume-title":"White fragility: why understanding racism can be so hard for white people","author":"R DiAngelo","year":"2018","unstructured":"DiAngelo R. White fragility: why understanding racism can be so hard for white people. Boston MA: Beacon press; 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"3132_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.2307\/1229039","volume":"43","author":"K Crenshaw","year":"1991","unstructured":"Crenshaw K. Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review. 1991;43(6):1241\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1229039.","journal-title":"Stanford Law Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"3132_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2307\/2666999","volume":"44","author":"A Edmondson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edmondson A. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Adm Sci Q. 2016;44(2):350\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2666999.","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q"},{"key":"3132_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westover JH. Empowering women through work-life balance. Policies and Practices Human Capital Leadership Review. 2024;15(1)","DOI":"10.70175\/hclreview.2020.14.5.2"},{"key":"3132_CR57","unstructured":"McCluney CL, Robotham K, Lee S, R. S, Durkee M. The Costs of Code-Switching. Harvard Bus Rev. 2019; 15"},{"key":"3132_CR58","unstructured":"Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) England: My Whole Self. 2025. https:\/\/mhfaengland.org\/my-whole-self\/. Accessed 13 Nov 2025."},{"key":"3132_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-8231(02)03006-9","volume":"3","author":"HKS Laschinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laschinger HKS, Finegan J, Shamian J. The impact of workplace empowerment, organizational trust on staff nurses\u2019 work satisfaction and organizational commitment. Adv Health Care Manag. 2002;3:59\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-8231(02)03006-9.","journal-title":"Adv Health Care Manag"}],"container-title":["Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-026-03132-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40615-026-03132-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40615-026-03132-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:04:58Z","timestamp":1786111498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40615-026-03132-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["3132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-026-03132-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-3792","2196-8837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-8837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was granted by the Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust Therapies and Rehabilitation Directorate Governance Committee (Ref: 13293).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was gained from all participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for the anonymized publication of their data in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JJ, GDJ and TB are all senior leaders in the physiotherapy department where the research takes place. CT and TB identify from a racially minoritized group while all other researchers are white. GDJ is supported by a UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Clinical and Practitioner Researcher Award. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The authors report there are no other competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}