{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T07:56:39Z","timestamp":1764402999799,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Endocrinol Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01390-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T20:03:53Z","timestamp":1597694633000},"page":"969-977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Profiling retrospective thyroid function data in complete thyroidectomy patients to investigate the HPT axis set point (PREDICT-IT)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. M.","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2837-5889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. K.-S.","family":"Leow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1390_CR1","volume-title":"Thyroid disorders with cutaneous manifestations","author":"G Haddad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haddad G, Kaufman S (2008) Classification and epidemiology of thyroid disease. In: Heymann WR (ed) Thyroid disorders with cutaneous manifestations. Springer, London"},{"key":"1390_CR2","volume-title":"Greenspan's basic and clinical endocrinology","author":"DG Gardner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gardner DG, Shoback DM, Greenspan FS (2011) Greenspan's basic and clinical endocrinology, 9th edn. McGraw-Hill Medical, New York","edition":"9"},{"key":"1390_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13262-9","volume-title":"Thyroid disease in adults","author":"E Nystr\u00f6m","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m E, Berg GEB, Jansson SKG, Torring O, Valdemarsson SV (2011) Thyroid disease in adults. Springer-Verlag, Berlin"},{"issue":"3\u20135","key":"1390_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1159\/000184777","volume":"45","author":"L Bartalena","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, Brogioni S, Burelli A, Scarcello G, Martino E (1996) Measurement of serum free thyroid hormone concentrations: an essential tool for the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Hormone Res Paediatr 45(3\u20135):142\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000184777","journal-title":"Hormone Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1390_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302013000300005","volume":"57","author":"GAD Carvalho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carvalho GAD, Perez CLS, Ward LS (2013) The clinical use of thyroid function tests. Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia e Metabologia 57(3):193","journal-title":"Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia e Metabologia"},{"key":"1390_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618572","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/618572","volume":"2014","author":"H Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li H, Yuan X, Liu L et al (2014) Clinical evaluation of various thyroid hormones on thyroid function. Int J Endocrinol 2014:618572\u2013618575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/618572","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1390_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.258","volume":"10","author":"WM Wiersinga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wiersinga WM, Wiersinga WM (2014) Paradigm shifts in thyroid hormone replacement therapies for hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 10(3):164\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2013.258","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1390_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.10.003","volume":"27","author":"O Koulouri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koulouri O, Moran C, Halsall D, Chatterjee K, Gurnell M (2013) Pitfalls in the measurement and interpretation of thyroid function tests. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 27(6):745\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2013.10.003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1390_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8165","volume":"87","author":"S Andersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Andersen S, Pedersen K, Bruun N, Laurberg P (2002) Narrow individual variations in serum T-4 and T-3 in normal subjects: a clue to the understanding of subclinical thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(3):1068\u20131072","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1390_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0655","volume":"162","author":"N Benhadi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benhadi N, Fliers E, Visser TJ, Reitsma JB, Wiersinga WM (2010) Pilot study on the assessment of the setpoint of the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid axis in healthy volunteers. Eur J Endocrinol 162(2):323\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-09-0655","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1390_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-11-35","volume":"11","author":"MK Leow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leow MK, Goede SL (2014) The homeostatic set point of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis\u2014maximum curvature theory for personalized euthyroid targets. Theor Biol Med Model 11(1):35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4682-11-35","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"issue":"1","key":"1390_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.154088","volume":"57","author":"HE Van Deventer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Deventer HE, Mendu DR, Remaley AT, Soldin SJ (2011) Inverse log-linear relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine measured by direct analog immunoassay and tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 57(1):122\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2010.154088","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"1390_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4011","volume":"101","author":"KM Rothacker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rothacker KM, Brown SJ, Hadlow NC, Wardrop R, Walsh JP (2016) Reconciling the log-linear and non-log-linear nature of the TSH-free T4 relationship: intra-individual analysis of a large population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(3):1151\u20131158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-4011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1390_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148157","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/148157","volume":"2013","author":"OP Soldin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soldin OP, Chung SH, Colie C (2013) The use of TSH in determining thyroid disease: how does it impact the practice of medicine in pregnancy? J Thyroid Res 2013:148157\u2013148158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/148157","journal-title":"J Thyroid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1390_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.05.016","volume":"248","author":"MK Leow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leow MK (2007) A mathematical model of pituitary\u2013thyroid interaction to provide an insight into the nature of the thyrotropin\u2013thyroid hormone relationship. J Theor Biol 248(2):275\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.05.016","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1390_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L57","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1439","volume":"101","author":"SL Goede","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goede SL, Leow MK (2016) Letter to the editor: the ultimate proof of the log-linear nature of TSH-free T4 relationship by intraindividual analysis of a large population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(5):L57\u2013L58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2016-1439","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1390_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-014-9955-5","volume":"76","author":"SL Goede","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goede SL, Leow MK, Smit JWA, Klein HHTI, Dietrich JW (2014) Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control: Implications of mathematical modeling and consequences for thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) reference ranges. Bull Math Biol 76(6):1270\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11538-014-9955-5","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1390_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2014.01.001","volume":"249","author":"SL Goede","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goede SL, Leow MK, Smit JWA, Dietrich JW (2014) A novel minimal mathematical model of the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid axis validated for individualized clinical applications. Math Biosci 249(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mbs.2014.01.001","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"1390_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831275","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/831275","volume":"2013","author":"SL Goede","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goede SL, Leow MK (2013) General error analysis in the relationship between free thyroxine and thyrotropin and its clinical relevance. Comput Math Methods Med 2013:831275\u2013831277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/831275","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"1390_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41070-017-0013-1","volume":"3","author":"J Sim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sim J, Zang Y, Nguyen P, Leow MK, Gan SK (2017) Thyroid-SPOT for mobile devices: personalised thyroid treatment management app. Sci Phone Apps Mob Devices 3:1\u20135","journal-title":"Sci Phone Apps Mob Devices"},{"issue":"2","key":"1390_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2015.015","volume":"25","author":"D Giavarina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giavarina D (2015) Understanding bland altman analysis. Biochemia Medica 25(2):141\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/BM.2015.015","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"issue":"8","key":"1390_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.001","volume":"47","author":"JM Bland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG (2010) Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Int J Nurs Stud 47(8):931\u2013936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.001","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"9","key":"1390_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2760","volume":"98","author":"B Biondi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Biondi B (2013) The normal TSH reference range: what has changed in the last decade? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(9):3584\u20133587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-2760","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1390_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12527","volume":"81","author":"R Hoermann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Giacobino A, Eckl WA, Wahl HG, Dietrich JW, Larisch R (2014) Homeostatic equilibria between free thyroid hormones and pituitary thyrotropin are modulated by various influences including age, body mass index and treatment. Clin Endocrinol 81(6):907\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12527","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1390_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000447967","volume":"5","author":"R Hoermann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JW (2016) Relational stability of thyroid hormones in euthyroid subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur Thyroid J 5(3):171\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000447967","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1390_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13192-n\/a","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13192","volume":"50","author":"R Hoermann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoermann R, Pekker MJ, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JW (2020) Triiodothyronine secretion in early thyroid failure: the adaptive response of central feedforward control. Eur J Clin Investig 50(2):e13192-n\/a. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13192","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"1390_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-1029","volume":"167","author":"M Ito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ito M, Miyauchi A, Morita S et al (2012) TSH-suppressive doses of levothyroxine are required to achieve preoperative native serum triiodothyronine levels in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy. Eur J Endocrinol 167(3):373\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-11-1029","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1390_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1881002.x","volume":"46","author":"M Maes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maes M, Mommen K, Hendrickx D et al (1997) Components of biological variation, including seasonality, in blood concentrations of TSH, TT3, FT4, PRL, cortisol and testosterone in healthy volunteers. Clin Endocrinol 46(5):587\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1881002.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1390_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2007.007103","volume":"45","author":"T Ankrah-Tetteh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ankrah-Tetteh T, Wijeratne S, Swaminathan R (2008) Intraindividual variation in serum thyroid hormones, parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Ann Clin Biochem 45(2):167\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/acb.2007.007103","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1390_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0043","volume":"29","author":"B Biondi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Biondi B, Cooper DS (2008) The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr Rev 29(1):76\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2006-0043","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1390_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.057414","volume":"63","author":"S Razvi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Razvi S, Weaver JU, Pearce SHS (2010) Subclinical thyroid disorders: significance and clinical impact. J Clin Pathol 63(5):379\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2008.057414","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01390-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01390-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01390-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T23:40:02Z","timestamp":1629157202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01390-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01390-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8386"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1720-8386"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"MKSL and JWD are both co-inventors of the Thyroid-SPOT algorithm that is patented (PCT\/SG2013\/000515) under the title of \u201cSystem and method for deriving parameters for homeostatic feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of an individual\u201d.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study formal consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"All the authors have approved the final manuscript and consented for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}