{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:25:58Z","timestamp":1783725958186,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Endocrinol Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01431-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T18:03:03Z","timestamp":1601488983000},"page":"1337-1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Block-and-replace vs. titration antithyroid drug regimen for Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism: two is not always better than one"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9133-4089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. H.","family":"Duntas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1431_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.251.13.1743","volume":"251","author":"EB Astwood","year":"1984","unstructured":"Astwood EB (1984) Landmark article May 8, 1943: treatment of hyperthyroidism with thiourea and thiouracil. JAMA 251:1743\u20131746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.251.13.1743","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1431_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R261","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0678","volume":"179","author":"HB Burch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burch HB, Cooper DS (2018) Anniversary review: antithyroid drug therapy: 70 years later. Eur J Endocrinol 179:R261\u2013R274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-18-0678","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1431_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042972","volume":"352","author":"DS Cooper","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cooper DS (2005) Antithyroid drugs. New Engl J Med 352:905\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra042972","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"1431_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.527","volume":"10","author":"N Mitsiades","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mitsiades N, Poulaki V, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Chrousos GP, Koutras DA (2000) Fas ligand expression in thyroid follicular cells from patients with thionamide-treated Graves\u2019 disease. Thyroid 10:527\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2000.10.527","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1431_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198701013160104","volume":"316","author":"TH Totterman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Totterman TH, Karlsson FA, Bengtsson M, Mendel-Hartvig I (1987) Induction of circulating activated suppressor-like T cells by methimazole therapy for Graves\u2019 disease. N Engl J Med 316:15\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198701013160104","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5885","key":"1431_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5885.143","volume":"4","author":"PH Wise","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wise PH, Marion M, Pain RW (1973) Single dose, \u201cblock-replace\u201d drug therapy in hyperthyroidism. Br Med J 4(5885):143\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.4.5885.143","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"14","key":"1431_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104043241403","volume":"324","author":"K Hashizume","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hashizume K, Ichikawa K, Sakurai A, Suzuki S, Takeda T, Kobayashi M, Miyamoto T, Arai M, Nagasawa T (1991) Administration of thyroxine in treated Graves' disease. Effects on the level of antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors and on the risk of recurrence of hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 324(14):947\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199104043241403","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"1431_CR8","first-page":"337","volume":"87","author":"AP Weetman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Weetman AP, Pickerill AP, Watson P, Chatterjee VK, Edwards OM (1994) Treatment of Graves' disease with the block-replace regimen of antithyroid drugs: the effect of treatment duration and immunogenetic susceptibility on relapse. Q J Med 87:337\u2013341","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"1431_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003420","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003420.pub4","volume":"1","author":"P Abraham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abraham P, Avenell A, McGeoch SC, Clark LF, Bevan JS (2010) Antithyroid drug regimen for treating Graves' hyperthyroidism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD003420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003420.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1431_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01320-7","author":"M \u017darkovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u017darkovi\u0107 M, Wiersinga W, Perros P, Bartalena L, Donati S, Okosieme O, Morris D, Fichter N, Lareida J, Daumerie C, Burlacu MC, Kahaly GJ, Pitz S, Beleslin B, \u0106iri\u0107 J, Ayvaz G, Konuk O, T\u00f6r\u00fcner FB, Salvi M, Covelli D, Curro N, Heged\u00fcs L, Brix T, EUGOGO (European Group on Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy) (2020) Antithyroid drugs in Graves' hyperthyroidism: differences between \"block and replace\" and \"titration\" regimes in frequency of euthyroidism and Graves' orbitopathy during treatment. J Endocrinol Invest. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01320-7","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"1431_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0039","volume":"21","author":"P Laurberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Laurberg P, Berman DC, Andersen S, B\u00fclow PI (2011) Sustained control of Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism during long-term low-dose antithyroid drug therapy of patients with severe Graves\u2019 orbitopathy. Thyroid 21:951\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2011.0039","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1431_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601253340403","volume":"334","author":"B McIver","year":"1996","unstructured":"McIver B, Rae P, Beckett G, Wilkinson E, Gold A, Toft A (1996) Lack of effect of thyroxine in patients with Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism who are treated with an antithyroid drug. N Engl J Med. 334:220\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199601253340403","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"1431_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00446.x","volume":"48","author":"SK Grebe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grebe SK, Feek CM, Ford HC, Fagerstrom JN, Cordwell DP, Delahunt JW et al (1998) A randomized trial of short-term treatment of Graves' disease with high- dose carbimazole plus thyroxine versus low-dose carbimazole. Clin Endocrinol 48:585\u2013592","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"1431_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1440475","volume":"144","author":"D Glinoer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glinoer D, Nayer P, Bex M, Belgian CS (2001) Effects of l-thyroxine administration, TSH-receptor antibodies and smoking on the risk of recurrence in Graves' hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs: a double-blind prospective randomized study. Eur J Endocrinol 144:475\u2013483","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1431_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1310120","volume":"131","author":"CJ Edmonds","year":"1994","unstructured":"Edmonds CJ, Tellez M (1994) Treatment of Graves' disease by carbimazole: high dose with thyroxine compared to titration dose. Eur J Endocrinol 131:120\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.0.1310120","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1431_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12478","volume":"81","author":"B Vaidya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaidya B, Wright A, Shuttleworth J, Donohoe M, Warren R, Brooke A, Gericke CA, Ukoumunne OC (2014) Block & replace regime versus titration regime of antithyroid drugs for the treatment of Graves' disease: a retrospective observational study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 81(4):610\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12478","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)."},{"key":"1431_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01144-0","volume":"43","author":"MC Vigone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vigone MC, Peroni E, Di Frenna M, Mora S, Barera G, Weber G (2020) \u201cBlock-and-replace\u201d treatment in Graves\u2019 disease: experience in a cohort of pediatric patients. J Endocrinol Invest 43:595\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-019-01144-0","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"1431_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612013397898","volume":"7","author":"R Volpe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volpe R (2001) The immunomodulatory effects of anti-thyroid drugs are mediated via actions on thyroid cells, affecting thyrocyte-immunocyte signalling: a review. Cur Pharmac Design 7:451\u2013460","journal-title":"Cur Pharmac Design"},{"key":"1431_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01054-1","volume":"42","author":"F Azizi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azizi F, Malboosbaf R (2019) Safety of long-term antithyroid drug treatment? A systematic review. J Endocrinol Invest 42:1273\u20131283","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"1431_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2020.175419","volume":"15","author":"N Francis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Francis N, Francis T, Lazarus JH, Okosieme OE (2020) Current controversies in the management of Graves' hyperthyroidism. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 15:159\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17446651.2020.175419","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01431-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01431-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01431-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T23:53:42Z","timestamp":1632959622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01431-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01431-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No competing financial interests exist.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}