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Pandemic-related restrictions and reorganization of healthcare services may affect thyroid disease management.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To analyze and discuss the relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid diseases from several perspectives. PubMed\/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov were searched for this purpose by using free text words and medical subject headings as follows: \u201csars cov 2\u201d, \u201ccovid 19\u201d, \u201csubacute thyroiditis\u201d, \u201catypical thyroiditis\u201d, \u201cchronic thyroiditis\u201d, \u201chashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis\u201d, \u201cgraves\u2019 disease\u201d, \u201cthyroid nodule\u201d, \u201cdifferentiated thyroid cancer\u201d, \u201cmedullary thyroid cancer\u201d, \u201cmethimazole\u201d, \u201clevothyroxine\u201d, \u201cmultikinase inhibitor\u201d, \u201cremdesivir\u201d, \u201ctocilizumab\u201d. Data were collected, analyzed, and discussed to answer the following clinical questions: \u201cWhat evidence suggests that COVID-19 may induce detrimental consequences on thyroid function?\"; \"Could previous or concomitant thyroid diseases deteriorate the prognosis of COVID-19 once the infection has occurred?\u201d; \u201cCould medical management of thyroid diseases influence the clinical course of COVID-19?\u201d; \u201cDoes medical management of COVID-19 interfere with thyroid function?\u201d; \u201cAre there defined strategies to better manage endocrine diseases despite restrictive measures and in-hospital and ambulatory activities reorganizations?\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 may induce thyroid dysfunction that is usually reversible, including subclinical and atypical thyroiditis. Patients with baseline thyroid diseases are not at higher risk of contracting or transmitting SARS-CoV-2, and baseline thyroid dysfunction does not foster a worse progression of COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether low levels of free triiodothyronine, observed in seriously ill patients with COVID-19, may worsen the disease's clinical progression and, consequently, if triiodothyronine supplementation could be a tool for reducing this burden. Glucocorticoids and heparin may affect thyroid hormone secretion and measurement, respectively, leading to possible misdiagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in severe cases of COVID-19. High-risk thyroid nodules require a fine-needle aspiration without relevant delay, whereas other non-urgent diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions should be postponed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Currently, we know that SARS-CoV-2 could lead to short-term and reversible thyroid dysfunction, but thyroid diseases seem not to affect the progression of COVID-19. Adequate management of patients with thyroid diseases remains essential during the pandemic, but it could be compromised because of healthcare service restrictions. Endocrine care centers should continuously recognize and classify priority cases for in-person visits and therapeutic procedures. Telemedicine may be a useful tool for managing patients not requiring in-person visits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01554-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T21:59:06Z","timestamp":1616709546000},"page":"1801-1814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Thyroid and COVID-19: a review on pathophysiological, clinical and organizational aspects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Lisco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6341-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"De Tullio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2857-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Jirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7073-1795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. 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