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It is deeply involved in the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis, promoting energy intake and inhibiting energy expenditure on a metabolic level. In this regard, it has in many ways antagonistic effect on the thyroid hormones, which increase metabolism and thus energy expenditure. While there is reasonable evidence of a negative association between ghrelin and hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT-) axis from studies in patients with thyroid dysfunction and small intervention studies, large-scale studies in healthy subjects are lacking. Therefore, we studied the relationship between total ghrelin serum levels and serum levels of the thyroid hormones in a large sample of euthyroid subjects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Total ghrelin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) were determined after an overnight fast in 1666 subjects participating in a population-based cross-sectional study (\u2018LIFE\u2019) including 10,000 adults. 1012 subjects were included in this analysis. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>FT3 was negatively associated with serum ghrelin; total sample: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.0001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; men: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.0002, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013; women: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.0001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010, adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol consumption, serum levels of TSH and fT4 and smoking status. No associations were found between ghrelin serum levels and serum levels of fT4 or TSH.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is to date the largest study investigating the relationship between total serum ghrelin and thyroid hormones. The results point to a complex interaction and should initiate further research.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01578-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T10:09:01Z","timestamp":1618999741000},"page":"2655-2664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Free triiodothyronine (T3) is negatively associated with fasting ghrelin serum levels in a population sample of euthyroid subjects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5349-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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