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We hypothesized that these patients might already present hormonal alterations with POCS-like features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study in a sample of 283 peri-pubertal girls (prepubertal and early-puberty subgroups), aged 6.1\u201312.0\u00a0years, diagnosed with obesity (BMI-SDS\u2009&gt;\u20092.0, 97th percentile), so-called obesity group. They all underwent clinical examination and blood testing for hormonal measurements (leptin, TSH, FT4, IGF-1, IGFBP3, prolactin, insulin, FSH, LH, estradiol, ACTH, cortisol, 17-OH-P, DHE-S, androstenedione, testosterone and free testosterone). A control group was recruited: 243 healthy girls, aged 6.3\u201312.1\u00a0years, with normal BMI status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prepubertal girls with obesity had significantly higher values (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) for BMI-SDS, leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR levels than control group. Early-pubertal girls with obesity also had significantly higher values (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) for BMI-SDS, leptin, IGF-1, IGFBP3, insulin and HOMA-IR, LH, ratio LH\/FSH, ACTH, DHE-S, androstenedione, testosterone and free testosterone levels than control group. In early-pubertal girls with obesity (not prepubertal girls), there was a positive correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) between leptin levels with LH, androstenedione and testosterone, and HOMA-IR with LH and testosterone levels. There was also a positive correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) between IGF-1 levels with LH, androstenedione, DHE-S and testosterone; and LH levels with testosterone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results obtained support our hypothesis that an abnormal hormonal profile with POCS-like features can already be detected (insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, increased secretion of LH and ACTH, and overproduction of ovarian and adrenal androgens) in early-pubertal girls with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01797-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:02:26Z","timestamp":1649721746000},"page":"1577-1585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hyper-androgenemia and obesity in early-pubertal girls"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4628-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Dur\u00e1-Trav\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gallinas-Victoriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1797_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.1.27","volume":"158","author":"I Lissau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lissau I, Overpeck MD, Ruan WJ, Due P, Holstein Hediger ML (2004) Body mass index and overweight in adolescents in 13 European countries, Israel, and the United States. 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