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However, the natural course of CNF-PitNETs according to sex and age remains unclear. Therefore, this study assessed growth patterns of CNF-PitNETs according to sex and age.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this longitudinal study, we enrolled 431 consecutive patients with CNF-PitNETs who were treated at Seoul National University Hospital from 1997 to 2021. The patients underwent hormone function testing and visual field testing, and were subsequently followed up with imaging over a median duration of 66\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The median age of the patients was 53.0\u00a0years, and 37.1% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009160) were men. Men were older and harbored more macroadenomas than women. The annual tumor volume change was higher in men than in women (0.21 vs. 0.04 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/year, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The estimated cutoff value of age for significant tumor growth was 51\u00a0years. In men, the annual tumor volume change was similar across all age groups. In women, those aged\u2009\u2264\u200950\u00a0years showed significantly lower annual tumor volume change than those aged\u2009&gt;\u200950\u00a0years (0.01, 0.11, and 0.17 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/year, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). When comparing sexes within the same age group, the annual tumor volume changes was significantly lower for women than for men, only in patients aged\u2009\u2264\u200950\u00a0years (0.01 vs. 0.15 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/year, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among patients with CNF-PitNET, tumor growth was slower in women aged\u2009\u2264\u200950\u00a0years than in men and women aged\u2009&gt;\u200950. These findings may guide the customization of surveillance strategies for CNF-PitNETs according to sex and age.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02303-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T07:02:27Z","timestamp":1707030147000},"page":"1911-1921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Different tumor growth pattern of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor according to sex and age: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"S. S.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9009-4191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y. 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