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As a result, new congeners of PFAS have rapidly replaced the so-called \u201cold long-chain PFAS\u201d (mainly PFOA and PFOS), currently out-of-law and banned by most countries. These compounds derive from the original structure of \u201cold long-chain PFAS\u201d, by cutting or making little conformational changes to their structure, thus obtaining new molecules with similar industrial applications. The new congeners were designed to obtain \"safer\" compounds. Indeed, old-long-chain PFAS were reported to exert thyroid disruptive effects in vitro, and in vivo in animals and humans. However, shreds of evidence accumulated so far indicate that the \u201crestyling\u201d of the old PFAS leads to the production of compounds, not only functionally similar to the previous ones but also potentially not free of adverse health effects and bioaccumulation. Studies aimed at characterizing the effects of new-PFAS congeners on thyroid function indicate that some of these new-PFAS congeners showed similar effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present review is aimed at providing an overview of recent data regarding the effects of novel PFAS alternatives on thyroid function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An extensive review of current legislation and of the shreds of evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the effects of the exposure to novel PFOA and PFOS alternatives, as well as of PFAS mixture on thyroid function will be provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02339-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]],"date-time":"2024-03-24T05:01:18Z","timestamp":1711256478000},"page":"1863-1879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Changing the structure of PFOA and PFOS: a chemical industry strategy or a solution to avoid thyroid-disrupting effects?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Coperchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-2334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Rotondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2339_CR1","unstructured":"Agency LBE (2016) PFOA Und ADONA Messungen an Der Probenahmestelle Alz"},{"key":"2339_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104929","volume":"130","author":"R Aimuzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aimuzi R, Luo K, Chen Q, Wang H, Feng L, Ouyang F, Zhang J (2019) Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and fetal thyroid hormone levels in umbilical cord blood among newborns by prelabor caesarean delivery. 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