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Reduced Bone Mineral Density (BMD) has been consistently reported and osteopenia or osteoporosis are typical findings in patients with CS. Vertebral Fractures (VFs) are frequently reported and may occur even in patients with an only mild reduction of BMD. Since CS is diagnosed late due to often difficult biochemical and radiological confirmation as well as to signs and symptoms common in other much more frequent diseases an approach suggested for overcoming underdiagnosis is to screen patients with manifestations which may overlap with those of CS such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Our review will focus on the rationale and best practice for screening osteoporotic patients for CS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02450-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T05:02:09Z","timestamp":1727931729000},"page":"23-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Screening for endogenous hypercortisolism in patients with osteoporosis and fractures: why, when and how"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Giordano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6930-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Parasiliti Caprino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5545-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Loli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6783-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Giustina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2450_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0394-0","volume":"18","author":"E Canalis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Canalis E, Mazziotti G, Giustina A, Bilezikian JP (2007) Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathophysiology and therapy. 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Now they have been added.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2024","order":7,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":8,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02488-y","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02488-y","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Roberta Giordano is consultant to company Recordati SpA. Andrea Giustina is consultant to company Abiogen SpA, Pfizer, Recordati SpA and received research grant to Institution from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial interests"}},{"value":"Ethical approval from institutional ethics committee is not required for a review paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"an Informed Consent is not applicable for a review paper.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}