{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:44:43Z","timestamp":1791499483965,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Endocrinol Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome requires a high degree of suspicion, especially in patients in whom typical features are overshadowed by other ailments. These include, among others, widespread opportunistic infections or sepsis and venous or arterial thromboembolism.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This Review will summarize available data on patients presenting with severe infections or thrombotic events and the best approach to diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02454-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T05:25:13Z","timestamp":1727760313000},"page":"35-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Unusual infections and thrombotic events in Cushing\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Mattia","family":"Barbot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Lazzara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Mazzeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Pecori Giraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2454_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.04.004","volume":"31","author":"V Hasenmajer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hasenmajer V, Sbardella E, Sciarra F et al (2020) The Immune System in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 31:655\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2020.04.004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.06.001","volume":"21","author":"GG Fareau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fareau GG (2007) R Vassilopoulou-Sellin Hypercortisolemia and infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 21 639\u2013657 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2007.06.001 viii","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2454_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-013-0522-0","volume":"17","author":"H Masri-Iraqi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Masri-Iraqi H, Robenshtok E, Tzvetov G et al (2014) Elevated white blood cell counts in Cushing\u2019s disease: association with hypercortisolism. Pituitary 17:436\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-013-0522-0","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2454_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01892-6","volume":"46","author":"M Paja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paja M, Merlo I, Rodr\u00edguez-Soto J et al (2023) White blood cell count: a valuable tool for suspecting Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 46:141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-022-01892-6","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2454_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000103216","volume":"118","author":"V Deutsch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deutsch V, Lerner-Geva L, Reches A et al (2007) Sustained leukocyte count during rising cortisol level. Acta Haematol 118:73\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000103216","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"2454_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1400299","volume":"140","author":"RG Masera","year":"1999","unstructured":"Masera RG, Staurenghi A, Sartori ML, Angeli A (1999) Natural killer cell activity in the peripheral blood of patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 140:299\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.0.1400299","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4530(96)00021-2","volume":"21","author":"Z Kronfol","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kronfol Z, Starkman M, Schteingart DE et al (1996) Immune regulation in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: relationship to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones. Psychoneuroendocrinology 21:599\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0306-4530(96)00021-2","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2454_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350337","volume":"21","author":"RC Bakker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bakker RC, Gallas PR, Romijn JA, Wiersinga WM (1998) Cushing\u2019s syndrome complicated by multiple opportunistic infections. J Endocrinol Invest 21:329\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03350337","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2454_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M133","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0354","volume":"173","author":"F Ferra\u00f9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferra\u00f9 F, Korbonits M (2015) Metabolic comorbidities in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 173:M133\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-15-0354","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(03)01218-x","volume":"4","author":"S Vento","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vento S, Cainelli F (2003) Infections in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy: aetiology, prevention, and treatment. Lancet Oncol 4:595\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(03)01218-x","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2454_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.02.003","volume":"47","author":"S Puglisi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Puglisi S, Perotti P, Pia A et al (2018) Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Hypercortisolism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 47:395\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.02.003","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2454_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000116","volume":"9","author":"H Nagy-Mignotte","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nagy-Mignotte H, Shestaeva O, Vignoud L et al (2014) Prognostic impact of paraneoplastic cushing\u2019s syndrome in small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 9:497\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000116","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2454_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00086-3","volume":"4","author":"R Pivonello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pivonello R, Isidori AM, De Martino MC et al (2016) Complications of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: state of the art. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:611\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00086-3","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02768-0","volume":"74","author":"S Toivanen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toivanen S, Leijon H, Arola A et al (2021) Characteristics and outcomes of the Finnish ectopic ACTH syndrome cohort. Endocrine 74:387\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-021-02768-0","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2454_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3582","volume":"98","author":"OM Dekkers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dekkers OM, Horv\u00e1th-Puh\u00f3 E, J\u00f8rgensen JOL et al (2013) Multisystem morbidity and mortality in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:2277\u20132284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-3582","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0320","volume":"169","author":"M Yaneva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yaneva M, Kalinov K, Zacharieva S (2013) Mortality in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: data from 386 patients from a single tertiary referral center. Eur J Endocrinol 169:621\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-13-0320","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0464","author":"E Valassi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valassi E, Tabarin A, Brue T et al (2019) High mortality within 90 days of diagnosis in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome - results from the ERCUSYN registry. Eur J Endocrinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-19-0464","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4515","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020534","volume":"87","author":"DA Papanicolaou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Papanicolaou DA, Mullen N, Kyrou I, Nieman LK (2002) Nighttime salivary cortisol: a useful test for the diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:4515\u20134521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2002-020534","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4158\/EP14126.OR","volume":"21","author":"MS Broder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Broder MS, Neary MP, Chang E et al (2015) Burden of illness, annual healthcare utilization, and costs associated with commercially insured patients with Cushing disease in the United States. Endocr Pract 21:77\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/EP14126.OR","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2454_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.1.6294","volume":"85","author":"NJ Sarlis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarlis NJ, Chanock SJ, Nieman LK (2000) Cortisolemic indices predict severe infections in Cushing syndrome due to ectopic production of adrenocorticotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:42\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.85.1.6294","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2527","volume":"90","author":"I Ilias","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ilias I, Torpy DJ, Pacak K et al (2005) Cushing\u2019s syndrome due to ectopic corticotropin secretion: twenty years\u2019 experience at the National Institutes of Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4955\u20134962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2004-2527","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26029","volume":"117","author":"S Ejaz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ejaz S, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Busaidy NL et al (2011) Cushing syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion: the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience. Cancer 117:4381\u20134389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.26029","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2454_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mondin A, Ceccato F, Voltan G et al (2023) Complications and mortality of Cushing\u2019s disease: report on data collected over a 20-year period at a referral centre. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-023-01343-2. Pituitary","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01343-2"},{"key":"2454_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cushing H (1994) The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism). 1932. Obes Res 2:486\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1994.tb00097.x","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1994.tb00097.x"},{"key":"2454_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5465","volume":"84","author":"C Invitti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Invitti C, Pecori Giraldi F, de Martin M, Cavagnini F (1999) Diagnosis and management of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: results of an Italian multicentre study. Study Group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology on the pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:440\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5465","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-3-334","volume":"101","author":"BS Graham","year":"1984","unstructured":"Graham BS, Tucker WS (1984) Opportunistic infections in endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Ann Intern Med 101:334\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-101-3-334","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2454_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.278","volume":"83","author":"C Tatsi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tatsi C, Boden R, Sinaii N et al (2018) Decreased lymphocytes and increased risk for infection are common in endogenous pediatric Cushing syndrome. Pediatr Res 83:431\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2017.278","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2454_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0454","volume":"187","author":"M Minnetti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Minnetti M, Hasenmajer V, Sbardella E et al (2022) Susceptibility and characteristics of infections in patients with glucocorticoid excess or insufficiency: the ICARO tool. Eur J Endocrinol 187:719\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-22-0454","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.49.1.43","volume":"49","author":"TL Higgins","year":"1982","unstructured":"Higgins TL, Calabrese LH, Sheeler LR (1982) Opportunistic infections in patients with ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors. Cleve Clin Q 49:43\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3949\/ccjm.49.1.43","journal-title":"Cleve Clin Q"},{"key":"2454_CR30","first-page":"719","volume":"138","author":"CD Naylor","year":"1988","unstructured":"Naylor CD, Shkrum MJ, Edmonds MW, Cholod EJ (1988) Pulmonary aspergillosis and endophthalmitis: complications of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. CMAJ 138:719\u2013720","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2454_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3180a5e924","volume":"334","author":"M Joubert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Joubert M, Reznik Y, Verdon R (2007) Rescue bilateral adrenalectomy in paraneoplastic Cushing\u2019s syndrome with invasive aspergillus fumigatus infection. Am J Med Sci 334:497\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3180a5e924","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2454_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1981.00340090123028","volume":"141","author":"TJ Walsh","year":"1981","unstructured":"Walsh TJ, Mendelsohn G (1981) Invasive aspergillosis complicating Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Arch Intern Med 141:1227\u20131228","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2454_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.76.1.112","volume":"76","author":"JM Smith","year":"1979","unstructured":"Smith JM, Hampton JR, Webb RW (1979) Disseminated aspergillosis, Cushing\u2019s syndrome, and oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Chest 76:112\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.76.1.112","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2454_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e47b7a","volume":"38","author":"HL Lutgers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lutgers HL, Vergragt J, Dong P-V et al (2010) Severe hypercortisolism: a medical emergency requiring urgent intervention. Crit Care Med 38:1598\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e47b7a","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2454_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2143\/ACB.3016","volume":"68","author":"C Jonas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonas C, Eucher P, Gustin T, Donckier JE (2013) Chronic necrotising aspergillosis mimicking ACTH-secreting tumour in a case of Cushing\u2019s disease. Acta Clin Belg 68:143\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2143\/ACB.3016","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"2454_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850312331287849","volume":"44","author":"J Gondim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gondim J, Quidute AR, Maciel M et al (2003) Cushing\u2019s disease and sphenoidal aspergilloma. Acta Radiol 44:685\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02841850312331287849","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"2454_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.5414\/NP300616","volume":"32","author":"M Bridenstine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bridenstine M, Kerr JM, Lillehei KO, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK (2013) Cushing\u2019s disease due to mixed pituitary adenoma-gangliocytoma of the posterior pituitary gland presenting with aspergillus sp. sinus infection. Clin Neuropathol 32:377\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/NP300616","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"key":"2454_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2020.0205","volume":"53","author":"BG Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song BG, Lim MG, Bae JH et al (2021) Multiple opportunistic infections related to Hypercortisolemia due to Adrenocortical Carcinoma: a Case Report. Infect Chemother 53:797\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3947\/ic.2020.0205","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2454_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1731","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1731","volume":"5","author":"H Takagi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takagi H, Matsumura Y, Fukuhara M et al (2022) Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting carcinoid with solitary cryptococcosis in the lungs. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 5:e1731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1731","journal-title":"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2454_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2003.18.3.199","volume":"18","author":"C-I Kang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kang C-I, Kim SH, Kim HB et al (2003) Disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with pituitary Cushing\u2019s disease. Korean J Intern Med 18:199\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3904\/kjim.2003.18.3.199","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"2454_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.45281","volume":"25","author":"B Thangakunam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thangakunam B, Christopher DJ, Kurian S et al (2008) Endogenous excess cortisol production and diabetes mellitus as predisposing factors for pulmonary cryptococcosis: a case report and literature review. Lung India 25:155\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-2113.45281","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"2454_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02142-5","volume":"355","author":"B Razavi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Razavi B, O\u2019Toole J, Schilling M, Razavi M (2000) Cryptococcal meningitis, an endocrine emergency? Lancet 355:1426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02142-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2454_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2010.e4","volume":"2","author":"RS Scheffel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scheffel RS, Dora JM, Weinert LS et al (2010) Invasive fungal infections in endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Infect Dis Rep 2:e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/idr.2010.e4","journal-title":"Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"2454_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21428","volume":"39","author":"BJ Sutton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sutton BJ, Parks GE, Manavi CK et al (2011) Cushing\u2019s syndrome and nocardiosis associated with a pulmonary carcinoid tumor: report of a case and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 39:359\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.21428","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"2454_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347735","volume":"17","author":"M Boscaro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Boscaro M, Fallo F, Sonino N (1994) Disseminated nocardiosis in a patient with Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 17:443\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03347735","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2454_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1177\/08971900211017487","volume":"35","author":"WB Hays","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hays WB, Czosnowski Q (2022) Continuous etomidate for the management of Cushing\u2019s Syndrome Complicated by Pulmonary Nocardiosis. J Pharm Pract 35:1057\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08971900211017487","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2454_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mylonas CC, Gomatou G, Asimakopoulou A et al (2019) Pulmonary nocardiosis associated with Cushing\u2019s disease: a case report. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2019.1130","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2019.1130"},{"key":"2454_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640998","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.640998","volume":"12","author":"D Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang D, Jiang Y, Lu L et al (2021) Cushing\u2019s syndrome with nocardiosis: a Case Report and a systematic review of the literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:640998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.640998","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2454_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390110133029","volume":"149","author":"SC Sieber","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sieber SC, Dandurand R, Gelfman N et al (1989) Three opportunistic infections associated with ectopic corticotropin syndrome. Arch Intern Med 149:2589\u20132591","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2454_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/s0954-6111(98)90320-1","volume":"92","author":"AT Hill","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hill AT, Stewart PM, Hughes EA, Mcleod DT (1998) Cushing\u2019s disease and tuberculosis. Respir Med 92:604\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0954-6111(98)90320-1","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2454_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00757-y","volume":"21","author":"Y Yamauchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamauchi Y, Kameda H, Omori K et al (2021) Severe infection including disseminated herpes zoster triggered by subclinical Cushing\u2019s disease: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 21:84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00757-y","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2454_CR52","first-page":"121","volume":"66","author":"Sa Chamuleau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chamuleau Sa, Corssmit J, Pereira EPM AM, et al (2008) A young woman with a severe bilateral pneumonia as the presenting sign of an adrenal carcinoma. Neth J Med 66:121\u2013124","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"2454_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofx002","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx002","volume":"4","author":"K van Halem","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Halem K, Vrolijk L, Pereira AM, de Boer MGJ (2017) Characteristics and mortality of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a Plea for timely initiation of Chemoprophylaxis. Open Forum Infect Dis 4:ofx002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofx002","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2454_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2022.09.020","volume":"84","author":"A Lugat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lugat A, Lasolle H, Fran\u00e7ois M et al (2023) Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective study. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 84:37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ando.2022.09.020","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"2454_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00333","author":"J Cristante","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cristante J, Lefournier V, Sturm N et al (2019) Why we should still treat by neurosurgery patients with Cushing\u2019s disease and a normal or inconclusive pituitary MRI. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2019-00333","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.14712\/18059694.2016.35","volume":"54","author":"F Gabalec","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gabalec F, Zavrelov\u00e1 A, Havel E et al (2011) Pneumocystis pneumonia during medicamentous treatment of Cushing\u2019s syndrome\u2013a description of two cases. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 54:127\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14712\/18059694.2016.35","journal-title":"Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)"},{"key":"2454_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1086\/514638","volume":"27","author":"KK Miller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miller KK, Daly PA, Sentochnik D et al (1998) Pseudo-cushing\u2019s syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 27:68\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/514638","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2454_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c170022","volume":"8","author":"B Peeters","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peeters B, Langouche L, Van den Berghe G (2017) Adrenocortical Stress Response during the course of critical illness. Compr Physiol 8:283\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c170022","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2454_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340101050","volume":"27","author":"JJ Ligtenberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ligtenberg JJ, Girbes AR, Beentjes JA et al (2001) Hormones in the critically ill patient: to intervene or not to intervene? Intensive Care Med 27:1567\u20131577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001340101050","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2454_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.05.005","volume":"118","author":"L Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu L, Zhao YY, Yang HB et al (2019) Cushing\u2019s disease with pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection in a single center in Beijing, China: a retrospective study and literature review. J Formos Med Assoc 118:285\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.05.005","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"2454_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2507","volume":"100","author":"F Ceccato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ceccato F, Barbot M, Zilio M et al (2015) Screening tests for Cushing\u2019s syndrome: urinary free cortisol role measured by LC-MS\/MS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:3856\u20133861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-2507","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0676-9","volume":"50","author":"F Pecori Giraldi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pecori Giraldi F, Ambrogio AG (2015) Variability in laboratory parameters used for management of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Endocrine 50:580\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0676-9","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2454_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00235-7","volume":"9","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I et al (2021) Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing\u2019s disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 9:847\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00235-7","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01197-6","volume":"43","author":"F Ceccato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ceccato F, Artusi C, Barbot M et al (2020) Dexamethasone measurement during low-dose suppression test for suspected hypercortisolism: threshold development with and validation. J Endocrinol Invest 43:1105\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-020-01197-6","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2454_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1657142","volume":"47","author":"R Dal Bo Zanon","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dal Bo Zanon R, Fornasiero L, Boscaro M et al (1982) Increased factor VIII associated activities in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a probable hypercoagulable state. Thromb Haemost 47:116\u2013117","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2454_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00025.x","volume":"19","author":"M Small","year":"1983","unstructured":"Small M, Lowe GD, Forbes CD, Thomson JA (1983) Thromboembolic complications in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 19:503\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00025.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2454_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0290","volume":"94","author":"B Van Zaane","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Zaane B, Nur E, Squizzato A et al (2009) Hypercoagulable state in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:2743\u20132750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-0290","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199212000-00013","volume":"3","author":"GM Patrassi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Patrassi GM, Sartori MT, Viero ML et al (1992) The fibrinolytic potential in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease: a clue to their hypercoagulable state. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 3:789\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001721-199212000-00013","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"2454_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343697","volume":"23","author":"LM Fatti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fatti LM, Bottasso B, Invitti C et al (2000) Markers of activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 23:145\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03343697","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2454_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04479.x","volume":"78","author":"D Kastelan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kastelan D, Dusek T, Kraljevic I, Aganovic I (2013) Hypercoagulable state in Cushing\u2019s syndrome is reversible following remission. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 78:102\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04479.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2454_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-013-0467-3","volume":"17","author":"S Koutroumpi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koutroumpi S, Spiezia L, Albiger N et al (2014) Thrombin generation in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: do the conventional clotting indices tell the whole truth? Pituitary 17:68\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-013-0467-3","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2454_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-009-9186-y","volume":"36","author":"D Kastelan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kastelan D, Dusek T, Kraljevic I et al (2009) Hypercoagulability in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: the role of specific haemostatic and fibrinolytic markers. Endocrine 36:70\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-009-9186-y","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2454_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12491","volume":"81","author":"MCA Coelho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coelho MCA, Vieira Neto L, Kasuki L et al (2014) Rotation thromboelastometry and the hypercoagulable state in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 81:657\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12491","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2454_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2753","volume":"97","author":"R van der Pas","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Pas R, de Bruin C, Leebeek FWG et al (2012) The hypercoagulable state in Cushing\u2019s disease is associated with increased levels of procoagulant factors and impaired fibrinolysis, but is not reversible after short-term biochemical remission induced by medical therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:1303\u20131310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-2753","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021558","volume":"88","author":"A Faggiano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faggiano A, Pivonello R, Spiezia S et al (2003) Cardiovascular risk factors and common carotid artery caliber and stiffness in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease during active disease and 1 year after disease remission. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2527\u20132533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2002-021558","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3547","volume":"98","author":"M-J Barahona","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barahona M-J, Resmini E, Vilad\u00e9s D et al (2013) Coronary artery disease detected by multislice computed tomography in patients after long-term cure of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:1093\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-3547","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944545","volume":"38","author":"N Albiger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Albiger N, Testa RM, Almoto B et al (2006) Patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome have increased intimal media thickness at different vascular levels: comparison with a population matched for similar cardiovascular risk factors. Horm Metab Res 38:405\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2006-944545","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2454_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0665-z","volume":"52","author":"M Zilio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zilio M, Mazzai L, Sartori MT et al (2016) A venous thromboembolism risk assessment model for patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Endocrine 52:322\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0665-z","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2454_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00336-y","volume":"8","author":"AA Khorana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khorana AA, Mackman N, Falanga A et al (2022) Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. Nat Rev Dis Primers 8:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-022-00336-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2454_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.09.024","volume":"148","author":"HK Turbendian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Turbendian HK, Strong VE, Hsu M et al (2010) Adrenocortical carcinoma: the influence of large vessel extension. Surgery 148:1057\u20131064 discussion 1064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2010.09.024","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2454_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bvz033","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz033","volume":"4","author":"MG Suarez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suarez MG, Stack M, Hinojosa-Amaya JM et al (2020) Hypercoagulability in Cushing Syndrome, Prevalence of thrombotic events: a large, Single-Center, Retrospective Study. J Endocr Soc 4:bvz033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvz033","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"2454_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1661","volume":"96","author":"DJF Stuijver","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stuijver DJF, van Zaane B, Feelders RA et al (2011) Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a multicenter cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:3525\u20133532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-1661","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dgaa291","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa291","volume":"105","author":"E Papakokkinou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papakokkinou E, Olsson DS, Chantzichristos D et al (2020) Excess morbidity persists in patients with Cushing\u2019s Disease during Long-Term Remission: A Swedish Nationwide Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105:dgaa291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa291","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.01.001","volume":"62","author":"JI Zwicker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zwicker JI, Furie BC, Furie B (2007) Cancer-associated thrombosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 62:126\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.01.001","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"2454_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02524","volume":"104","author":"O Ragnarsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ragnarsson O, Olsson DS, Papakokkinou E et al (2019) Overall and Disease-specific mortality in patients with Cushing Disease: A Swedish Nationwide Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104:2375\u20132384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-02524","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13175","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13175","volume":"34","author":"RN Clayton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clayton RN (2022) Cardiovascular complications of Cushings syndrome: impact on morbidity and mortality. J Neuroendocrinol 34:e13175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jne.13175","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4232","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac341","volume":"107","author":"A Kelsall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kelsall A, Newell-Price J (2022) Cushing Mortality in Remission: not out of the Woods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107:e4232\u2013e4233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac341","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0728-6","volume":"17","author":"TR Einarson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Einarson TR, Acs A, Ludwig C, Panton UH (2018) Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007\u20132017. Cardiovasc Diabetol 17:83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-018-0728-6","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2454_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092581","volume":"11","author":"L De Paola","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Paola L, Mehta A, Pana TA et al (2022) Body Mass Index and Mortality, recurrence and readmission after myocardial infarction: systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Med 11:2581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11092581","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2454_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1681-z","volume":"25","author":"BR Javorsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Javorsky BR, Carroll TB, Tritos NA et al (2015) Discovery of Cushing\u2019s Syndrome after bariatric surgery: Multicenter Series of 16 patients. Obes Surg 25:2306\u20132313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-015-1681-z","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2454_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R247","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0434","volume":"175","author":"C Steffensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steffensen C, Pereira AM, Dekkers OM, J\u00f8rgensen JOL (2016) DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: prevalence of hypercortisolism in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 175:R247\u2013R253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-16-0434","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2454_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.057315","volume":"76","author":"S Yoshimura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoshimura S, Ago T, Kitazono T et al (2005) Cerebral sinus thrombosis in a patient with Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1182\u20131183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2004.057315","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2454_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e238204","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-238204","volume":"14","author":"TR Kalaria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalaria TR, Chopra R, Ayuk J, Buch H (2021) Retinal vein occlusion as the presenting feature of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 14:e238204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-238204","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2454_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232470961770367","DOI":"10.1177\/2324709617703672","volume":"5","author":"AD McDow","year":"2017","unstructured":"McDow AD, Gurung A, Poola R et al (2017) Portal vein thrombosis in the setting of newly diagnosed Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 5:2324709617703672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2324709617703672","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"key":"2454_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alexander V, Koshy M, Dasgupta R, Carey RA (2019) Arterial thrombosis as primary presentation of endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227491","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227491"},{"key":"2454_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.06.018","volume":"30","author":"JH Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim JH, Kim SY, Park JH (2014) Dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular thrombi as a presenting feature of cushing disease. Can J Cardiol 30:1462e11\u20131462e13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.06.018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2454_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.4.6.365","volume":"4","author":"LS Blevins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blevins LS, Clark RV, Owens DS (1998) Thromboembolic complications after inferior petrosal sinus sampling in patients with cushing\u2019s syndrome. Endocr Pract 4:365\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/EP.4.6.365","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2454_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343772","volume":"23","author":"K Obuobie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Obuobie K, Davies JS, Ogunko A, Scanlon MF (2000) Venous thrombo-embolism following inferior petrosal sinus sampling in Cushing\u2019s disease. J Endocrinol Invest 23:542\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03343772","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2454_CR99","first-page":"191","volume":"20","author":"JL Doppman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Doppman JL (1999) There is no simple answer to a rare complication of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:191\u2013192","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2454_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5723","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i17.5723","volume":"10","author":"A Yoshihara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoshihara A, Nishihama K, Inoue C et al (2022) Adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma with multiple organ infections and widespread thrombosis: a case report. World J Clin Cases 10:5723\u20135731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i17.5723","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"2454_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aace.2022.08.003","volume":"8","author":"MN Contento","year":"2022","unstructured":"Contento MN, Rana S, Brutsaert E (2022) Multiple deep vein thromboses after curative surgery for Cushing Disease: a Case Presentation and Review. AACE Clin Case Rep 8:247\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aace.2022.08.003","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2454_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00701-0","volume":"21","author":"PSA Wijewickrama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wijewickrama PSA, Ratnasamy V, Somasundaram NP et al (2021) A challenging case of Cushing\u2019s disease complicated with multiple thrombotic phenomena following trans-sphenoidal surgery; a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 21:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00701-0","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2454_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e243786","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243786","volume":"14","author":"CV Tong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tong CV, Tee CK (2021) Recurrent cavernous sinus thrombosis: a rare complication of cushing disease. BMJ Case Rep 14:e243786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2021-243786","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2454_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-022-02320-x","volume":"17","author":"FM van Haalen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Haalen FM, Kaya M, Pelsma ICM et al (2022) Current clinical practice for thromboprophylaxis management in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome across reference centers of the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine conditions (Endo-ERN). Orphanet J Rare Dis 17:178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-022-02320-x","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2454_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3662","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8703","volume":"87","author":"M Boscaro","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boscaro M, Sonino N, Scarda A et al (2002) Anticoagulant prophylaxis markedly reduces thromboembolic complications in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:3662\u20133666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8703","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0600-y","volume":"18","author":"M Barbot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barbot M, Daidone V, Zilio M et al (2015) Perioperative Thromboprophylaxis in Cushing\u2019s disease: what we did and what we are doing? Pituitary 18:487\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-014-0600-y","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2454_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3723","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac379","volume":"107","author":"LT Braun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Braun LT, Vogel F, Zopp S et al (2022) Whom should we screen for Cushing Syndrome? The Endocrine Society Practice Guideline recommendations 2008 Revisited. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107:e3723\u2013e3730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac379","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2766","volume":"94","author":"SK Baid","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baid SK, Rubino D, Sinaii N et al (2009) Specificity of screening tests for Cushing\u2019s syndrome in an overweight and obese population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:3857\u20133864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2008-2766","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0596","volume":"92","author":"F Pecori Giraldi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pecori Giraldi F, Ambrogio AG, De Martin M et al (2007) Specificity of first-line tests for the diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: assessment in a large series. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:4123\u20134129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2007-0596","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2454_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09723-y","volume":"23","author":"M Valizadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valizadeh M, Ahmadi AR, Ebadinejad A et al (2022) Diagnostic accuracy of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling using desmopressin or corticotropic- releasing hormone in ACTH-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 23:881\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-022-09723-y","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2454_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03812.x","volume":"71","author":"FP Giraldi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giraldi FP, Ambrogio AG, Fatti LM et al (2011) Von Willebrand factor and fibrinolytic parameters during the desmopressin test in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 71:132\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03812.x","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2454_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010580","volume":"5","author":"F Pecori Giraldi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pecori Giraldi F, Federici AB, Cavagnini F (2013) Caution during use of desmopressin in IPSS. J Neurointerv Surg 5:e27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010580","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02486-0","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02454-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02454-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02454-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T09:12:40Z","timestamp":1746004360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02454-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02454-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Some part of the Funding informa\u00adtion was missing. Now they have been added.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2024","order":7,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":8,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02486-0","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-024-02486-0","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No informed consent required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}