{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T18:48:23Z","timestamp":1784054903915,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81374051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81374051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Endocrinol Invest"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-025-02655-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T02:21:00Z","timestamp":1757643660000},"page":"267-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation and comparison of efficacy and safety of mitochondrial modulator (Imeglimin) and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Bayesian network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Junwei","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woonling","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longzhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuxia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Alfakhar Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5524-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2655_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01655-5","volume":"400","author":"E Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad E, Lim S, Lamptey R et al (2022) Type 2 diabetes. Lancet 400:1803\u20131820","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2655_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","volume":"392","author":"SL James","year":"2018","unstructured":"James SL, Abate D, Abate KH et al (2018) Global, regional, and National incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet 392:1789\u20131858","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2655_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","volume":"183","author":"H Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S et al (2022) IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 183:109119","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2655_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-019-00775-8","volume":"37","author":"H Shao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shao H, Yang S, Fonseca V et al (2019) Estimating quality of life decrements due to diabetes complications in the united states: the health utility index (HUI) diabetes complication equation. PharmacoEconomics 37:921\u2013929","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"2655_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01589-9","volume":"81","author":"YN Lamb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lamb YN (2021) Imeglimin hydrochloride: first approval. Drugs 81:1683\u20131690","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2655_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01434-5","volume":"81","author":"C Konkwo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Konkwo C, Perry RJ (2021) Imeglimin: current development and future potential in type 2 diabetes. Drugs 81:185\u2013190","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2655_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh AK, Singh A, Singh R et al (2023) Efficacy and safety of imeglimin in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 17:102710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2023.102710"},{"key":"2655_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2021.17.2.88","volume":"17","author":"J Doupis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doupis J, Baris N, Avramidis K (2021) Imeglimin: a new promising and effective weapon in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. TouchREVIEWS Endocrinol 17:88","journal-title":"TouchREVIEWS Endocrinol"},{"key":"2655_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0399-8","volume":"16","author":"CF Deacon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deacon CF (2020) Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Reviews Endocrinol 16:642\u2013653","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Endocrinol"},{"key":"2655_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0034","volume":"45","author":"MJ Davies","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS et al (2022) Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American diabetes association (ADA) and the European association for the study of diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 45:2753\u20132786","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2655_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-015-0099-3","volume":"15","author":"V Vuylsteke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vuylsteke V, Chastain LM, Maggu GA et al (2015) Imeglimin: a potential new multi-target drug for type 2 diabetes. Drugs R D 15:227\u2013232","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"key":"2655_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00178","volume":"11","author":"MP Gilbert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gilbert MP, Pratley RE (2020) GLP-1 analogs and DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes therapy: review of head-to-head clinical trials. Front Endocrinol 11:178","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2655_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01480-1","volume":"21","author":"S Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen S, Coronel R, Hollmann MW et al (2022) Direct cardiac effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. Cardiovasc Diabetol 21:45","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2655_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61500-7","volume":"382","author":"AH Barnett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barnett AH, Huisman H, Jones R et al (2013) Linagliptin for patients aged 70 years or older with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with common antidiabetes treatments: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 382:1413\u20131423","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2655_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1135","volume":"40","author":"MA Bethel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bethel MA, Engel SS, Green JB et al (2017) Assessing the safety of sitagliptin in older participants in the trial evaluating cardiovascular outcomes with sitagliptin (TECOS). Diabetes Care 40:494\u2013501","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2655_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000454683","volume":"136","author":"SR Walker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walker SR, Komenda P, Khojah S et al (2017) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nephron 136:85\u201394","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"2655_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2022-111928","volume":"28","author":"B Sadeghirad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sadeghirad B, Foroutan F, Zoratti MJ et al (2023) Theory and practice of bayesian and frequentist frameworks for network meta-analysis. BMJ Evidence-Based Med 28:204\u2013209","journal-title":"BMJ Evidence-Based Med"},{"key":"2655_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM et al (2015) The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med 162:777\u2013784","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2655_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, Mckenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372: n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"2655_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366: l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"2655_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","volume":"64","author":"G Salanti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salanti G, Ades A, Ioannidis JP (2011) Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial. J Clin Epidemiol 64:163\u2013171","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2655_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2018-111107","volume":"24","author":"NJ Devito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Devito NJ, Goldacre B (2019) Catalogue of bias: publication bias. BMJ Evidence-Based Med 24:53\u201354","journal-title":"BMJ Evidence-Based Med"},{"key":"2655_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01710-0","volume":"38","author":"J Ard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ard J, Fitch A, Fruh S et al (2021) Weight loss and maintenance related to the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. Adv Therapy 38:2821\u20132839","journal-title":"Adv Therapy"},{"key":"2655_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13560","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13560","volume":"16","author":"B Zareini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zareini B, S\u00f8rensen KK, Pedersen-Bjergaard U et al (2024) Glucagon\u2010like\u2010peptide\u20101 receptor agonists versus dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes in relation to achieved glycemic control. A Danish nationwide study. J Diabetes 16:e13560","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"2655_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103798","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103798","volume":"9","author":"T Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang T, Gou Z, Wang F et al (2014) Comparison of GLP-1 analogues versus sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head studies. PLoS ONE 9:e103798","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2655_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69705-5","volume":"368","author":"DJ Drucker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Drucker DJ, Nauck MA (2006) The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Lancet 368:1696\u20131705","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2655_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dutta D, Mohindra R, Surana V et al (2022) Safety and efficacy of once weekly dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor trelagliptin in type-2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 16:102469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102469"},{"key":"2655_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1R041","volume":"46","author":"H Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park H, Park C, Kim Y et al (2012) Efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother 46:1453\u20131469","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2655_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1222-z","volume":"56","author":"J Ling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ling J, Cheng P, Ge L et al (2019) The efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: a bayesian network meta-analysis of 58 randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 56:249\u2013272","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2655_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang G, Fu J, Li X et al (2025) Comparative efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta\u2010analysis. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16114"},{"key":"2655_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14613","volume":"24","author":"J Dubourg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dubourg J, Fouqueray P, Quinslot D et al (2022) Long-term safety and efficacy of Imeglimin as monotherapy or in combination with existing antidiabetic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (TIMES 2): A 52\u2010week, open\u2010label, multicentre phase 3 trial. Diabetes Obes Metabolism 24:609\u2013619","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabolism"},{"key":"2655_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2349","volume":"37","author":"P Fouqueray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fouqueray P, Pirags V, Diamant M et al (2014) The efficacy and safety of Imeglimin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with sitagliptin monotherapy. Diabetes Care 37:1924\u20131930","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02655-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02655-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02655-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T05:19:28Z","timestamp":1771651168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02655-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02655-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}