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These therapies should be considered in combination because most glucocorticoids also possess mineralocorticoid activity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between fludrocortisone and hydrocortisone-equivalent dosing in patients with PAI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Data were obtained from the European Adrenal Insufficiency Registry (EU-AIR), a multinational, multicenter, observational study conducted between August 7, 2012, and October 31, 2020, in endocrinology centers in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. Patients with PAI (excluding congenital adrenal hyperplasia or known hypertension) and treated with immediate-release hydrocortisone (IRHC), modified-release hydrocortisone (MRHC), or cortisone acetate were included. The relationship between hydrocortisone-equivalent and fludrocortisone doses and mineralocorticoid potency corrected for body surface area (BSA) was examined.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall, 670 (mean age: 46.2 years; 453 [67.6%] women) of 924 patients with PAI in EU-AIR were analyzed. Of those who received at least one dose of fludrocortisone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009350), 45 patients (12.9%) were receiving hydrocortisone-equivalent doses\/BSA of \u2264 10\u00a0mg\/day\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 170 patients (48.6%)\u2009&gt;\u200910\u201315\u00a0mg\/day\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and 133 patients (38.0%)\u2009&gt;\u200915\u00a0mg\/day\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. No clear associations were found between total daily fludrocortisone dose\/BSA and hydrocortisone-equivalent dose\/BSA, or between combined mineralocorticoid potency\/BSA and systolic or diastolic blood pressure and sodium or potassium levels. Higher systolic blood pressure was found in IRHC than MRHC groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fludrocortisone prescription in PAI appears to be independent of glucocorticoid replacement therapy. IRHC and MRHC might differ in mineralocorticoid effect owing to different pharmacokinetic profiles.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>NCT01661387.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-025-02657-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T06:37:48Z","timestamp":1757140668000},"page":"2381-2392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mineralocorticoid effects of fludrocortisone and hydrocortisone in primary adrenal insufficiency: EU-AIR patient data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertil","family":"Ekman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Quinkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinggao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Isidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Wahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the EU-AIR investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2657_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12162","volume":"275","author":"ES Husebye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Husebye ES, Allolio B, Arlt W et al (2014) Consensus statement on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. 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P.Z. is employed by Takeda. A.M.I. has previously consulted for and was a primary investigator for Corcept Therapeutics, Diurnal, Neurocrine Biosciences, and Recordati. R.D.M. has previously consulted for Diurnal. J.W. has nothing to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the appropriate local research ethics committees for all participating centers and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Each patient and\/or their parent\/legal guardian provided written informed consent before enrollment in the European Adrenal Insufficiency Registry.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}