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Anthropometrics and HIV-related parameters, including type of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy, HAART, were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 60 MLWH, 70.0% presented with ED. Hypogonadism was observed in 18.3%, primarily hypogonadotropic (72.7%). Although both eu- and hypogonadal MLWH presented pathological IIEF-15 scores, no differences in the five domains of IIEF-15 were found. Hypogonadal MLWH had significantly higher BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046) and greater smoking prevalence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), and lower 17\u03b2-estradiol levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). In the whole cohort, total testosterone was negatively correlated to BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.595,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and waist circumference (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.656,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011), and positively to 17\u03b2-estradiol (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.457,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) and SHBG (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.325,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033). Calculated free testosterone also negatively correlated with BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.519,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023) and WC (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.719,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019). Considering HAART, ED was more prevalent among those using Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). Conversely, MLWH treated with Proteinase Inhibitors showed higher total testosterone, SHBG and 17\u03b2-estradiol levels (respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020), despite no differences in calculated free testosterone or prevalence of ED.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ED is highly prevalent multifactorial disorder in MLWH. Decreased serum testosterone levels, which are also related to increased visceral fat accumulation, are not the only driver of its onset. HIV-related factors, such as HAART, also appear to have an impact on gonadal and sexual function. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating infectious disease and sexual medicine expertise, is essential for optimal care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-025-02683-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T06:55:22Z","timestamp":1758524122000},"page":"2921-2932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gonadal and sexual function in men living with HIV: insights from a single-centre study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bonaventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Hasenmajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2 F.","family":"D\u2019Addario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Pozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"d\u2019Ettorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio M.","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuele A.","family":"Jannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2682-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Gianfrilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7954","volume":"3","author":"JL Marcus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marcus JL, Leyden WA, Alexeeff SE, Anderson AN, Hechter RC, Hu H, Lam JO, Towner WJ, Yuan Q, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Infection HIV (2020) JAMA Netw Open 3:2000\u20132016","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2683_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0812-x","volume":"41","author":"FS Mirza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mirza FS, Luthra P, Chirch L (2018) Endocrinological aspects of HIV infection. 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