{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:01:07Z","timestamp":1781614867778,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Endocrinol Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based studies of trends in the incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in Italy were still lacking. Our aim was to estimate the incidence of PHPT in the Veneto region over the period 2012\u20132023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, population-based study conducted in Veneto using the population registry and administrative health databases. Only subjects\u2009\u2265\u200918\u00a0years of age were included. We documented incident PHPT from 2013 to 2023 to exclude prevalent cases and calculated standardised incidence rates (IR) per 10,000 person-years by age and sex. We also made a sub analysis of only surgical cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 5,276 incident cases (IR: 1.17). Overall, the incidence of PHPT was stable from 2013 to 2023, although there was a declining trend in males, at the limits of statistical significance with the standardised IR decreasing from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64;0.91) in 2013 to 0.67 in 2023 (95% CI: 0.55;0.78) (p\u2009=\u20090.056). The overall female-to-male incidence ratio was 2.55, with females predominating, and reached a peak in the 50\u201354 age group (ratio: 3.94) and a nadir in 25\u201329 age group (ratio: 0.54). Median age was 65\u00a0years (IQR: 56\u201376\u00a0years) and was lower among females than males (64\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      68\u00a0years) (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Among the surgical cases, the percentage distribution of incident cases by age was almost the same for females and males, median age was similar (61\u00a0years for females, 62\u00a0years for males), while the rates remained higher for females than for males.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study shows that over the past decade there has been a general stability in the incidence of PHPT in our Region. A higher incidence was observed in postmenopausal females and a different pattern of incidence emerged from our analysis of surgical cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-025-02723-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T05:18:07Z","timestamp":1760764687000},"page":"143-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Primary hyperparathyroidism incidence in northeastern Italy: A large population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Censi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Salmaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Voltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Ceccato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Iacobone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loris","family":"Bertazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Clausi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Torresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2615-8001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Saia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Camozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BEEM.2025.101980","volume":"39","author":"D Arjunan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arjunan D, Minisola S, Rao SD, Bhadada SK (2025) Changing trends in clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism across countries over time. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 39:101980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BEEM.2025.101980","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2723_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.132","volume":"24","author":"RA Delellis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delellis RA (2011) Parathyroid tumors and related disorders. Mod Pathol 24:S78\u2013S93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2010.132","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2723_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2796.2004.01422.X","volume":"257","author":"JP Bilezikian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Rubin M, Silverberg SJ (2005) Primary hyperparathyroidism: new concepts in clinical, densitometric and biochemical features. J Intern Med 257:6\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2796.2004.01422.X","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2723_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mithal A, Kaur P, Singh VP ratap, et al (2015) ASYMPTOMATIC PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM EXISTS IN NORTH INDIA: RETROSPECTIVE DATA FROM 2 TERTIARY CARE CENTERS. Endocr Pract 21:581\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/EP14447.OR","DOI":"10.4158\/EP14447.OR"},{"key":"2723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00076-0","volume":"4","author":"S Minisola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Minisola S, Pepe J, Scillitani A, Cipriani C (2016) Explaining geographical variation in the presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:641\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00076-0","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2723_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2265.2008.03520.X","volume":"71","author":"N Yu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yu N, Donnan PT, Murphy MJ, Leese GP (2009) Epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism in Tayside, Scotland, UK. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71:485\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2265.2008.03520.X","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2723_CR7","unstructured":"Increasing incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism in Denmark - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23461985\/. Accessed 5 May 2025"},{"key":"2723_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BONE.2014.12.003","volume":"73","author":"ML Griebeler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Griebeler ML, Kearns AE, Ryu E et al (2015) Secular trends in the incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism over five decades (1965\u20132010). Bone 73:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BONE.2014.12.003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2723_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00003","volume":"126","author":"RA Wermers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wermers RA, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ et al (1997) The rise and fall of primary hyperparathyroidism: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1965\u20131992. Ann Intern Med 126:433\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2723_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/S40618-018-0879-Z","volume":"41","author":"F Saponaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saponaro F, Cetani F, Repaci A et al (2018) Clinical presentation and management of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in Italy. J Endocrinol Invest 41:1339\u20131348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40618-018-0879-Z","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2723_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/S12020-025-04173-3","volume":"88","author":"C Columbu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Columbu C, Rendina D, Gennari L et al (2025) Phosphate metabolism in primary hyperparathyroidism: a real-life long-term study. Endocrine 88:571\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12020-025-04173-3","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2723_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FENDO.2024.1475147","author":"S Corbetta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Corbetta S, Gianotti L, Castellano E et al (2024) Skeletal phenotypes in postmenopausal women affected by primary hyperparathyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FENDO.2024.1475147","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2723_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/S40618-025-02590-9","volume":"48","author":"N Bisceglia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bisceglia N, Malagrin\u00f2 M, Cantone C et al (2025) Trabecular bone score as a possible new surgical recommendation in patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. J Endocrinol Invest 48:1819\u20131828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40618-025-02590-9","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2723_CR14","unstructured":"Sanit\u00e0. Zaia, \u201cIl Veneto primo classificato in Italia nella classifica delle sanit\u00e0. \u00c8 un risultato che riempie di orgoglio e rilancia gli sforzi\u201d | Regione del Veneto. https:\/\/salute.regione.veneto.it\/notizie\/sanita-zaia-il-veneto-primo-classificato-italia-nella-classifica-delle-sanita-e-un-risultato-che-riempie-di-orgoglio-e-rilancia-gli-sforzi. Accessed 19 Jun 2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"2723_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1007\/S12020-024-04072-Z","volume":"87","author":"S Censi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Censi S, Salmaso L, Ceccato F et al (2025) Autoimmune thyroiditis incidence in a large population-based study in northeastern Italy. Endocrine 87(2):772\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12020-024-04072-Z","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2723_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Censi S, Salmaso L, Ceccato F, et al (2023) Hyperthyroidism incidence in a large population-based study in northeastern Italy. Endocr Connect 12:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EC-23-0292,","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-23-0292"},{"key":"2723_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198001243020402","volume":"302","author":"H Heath","year":"1980","unstructured":"Heath H, Hodgson SF, Kennedy MA (1980) Primary hyperparathyroidism. Incidence, morbidity, and potential economic impact in a community. N Engl J Med 302:189\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198001243020402","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2723_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1210\/JC.2007-1215","volume":"93","author":"MR Rubin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rubin MR, Bilezikian JP, McMahon DJ et al (2008) The natural history of primary hyperparathyroidism with or without parathyroid surgery after 15 years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:3462\u20133470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/JC.2007-1215","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2723_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1002\/JBMR.4679","volume":"37","author":"G El-Hajj Fuleihan","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Chakhtoura M, Cipriani C et al (2022) Classical and nonclassical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 37:2330\u20132350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JBMR.4679","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2723_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00198-025-07553-7","author":"MH Sharafi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharafi MH, Nazari A, Cheraghi M et al (2025) The link between osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases: a review of shared mechanisms, risk factors, and therapeutic approaches. Osteoporos Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00198-025-07553-7","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2723_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1002\/JBMR.4677","volume":"37","author":"JP Bilezikian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bilezikian JP, Khan AA, Silverberg SJ et al (2022) Evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement and guidelines from the fifth international workshop. J Bone Miner Res 37:2293\u20132314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JBMR.4677","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2723_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715303260423231122111705","volume":"24","author":"F Vescini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vescini F, Borretta G, Chiodini I et al (2023) Italian Guidelines for the Management of Sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 24:991\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0118715303260423231122111705","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"2723_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1365-2265.1998.00329.X","volume":"48","author":"KC Loh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Loh KC, Duh QY, Shoback D et al (1998) Clinical profile of primary hyperparathyroidism in adolescents and young adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 48:435\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/J.1365-2265.1998.00329.X","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2723_CR24","unstructured":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in children and adolescents: the Johns Hopkins Children\u2019s Center experience 1984\u20132001 - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12412777\/. Accessed 20 May 2025"},{"key":"2723_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.05.032","volume":"49","author":"S Alagaratnam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alagaratnam S, Brain C, Spoudeas H et al (2014) Surgical treatment of children with hyperparathyroidism: single centre experience. J Pediatr Surg 49:1539\u20131543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.05.032","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"2723_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4555","DOI":"10.1210\/JC.2014-2268","volume":"99","author":"J Roizen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roizen J, Levine MA (2014) A meta-analysis comparing the biochemistry of primary hyperparathyroidism in youths to the biochemistry of primary hyperparathyroidism in adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:4555\u20134564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/JC.2014-2268","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02723-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02723-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02723-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:49:33Z","timestamp":1781614173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02723-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-025-02723-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1720-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1720-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}