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Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of treatment response, defined as 12-month volume reduction rate (VRR). Complication rates were also compared between RFA and MWA. A 1:1 case-control matching was performed based on baseline nodule volume and composition, yielding two matched cohorts of 66 patients each. VRRs after 6 and 12 months were compared between two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the overall population, similar VRRs were observed after 6 and 12 months. Significant differences in baseline nodule volume (24.35\u2009\u00b1\u200917.15\u00a0ml vs. 17.25\u2009\u00b1\u200915.22ml;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and in procedure times (519.96\u2009\u00b1\u2009289.45s vs. 649.61\u2009\u00b1\u2009321.05s;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) were found for MWA and RFA, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified baseline volume (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and composition (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.033) as significant and independent predictors of VRR. Both techniques showed comparable safety. In the matched cohorts, VRRs after 6-months were similar, while a higher VRR after 12-months was observed for MWA compared to RFA (64.70\u2009\u00b1\u200913.89% vs. 58.71\u2009\u00b1\u200916.81%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RFA and MWA are both safe and effective for treating BTNs. In the overall population, VRRs were similar between RFA and MWA, with MWA requiring shorter procedure times. After matching for key predictors of therapeutic response, MWA demonstrated superior efficacy at 12-months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-025-02734-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:10:39Z","timestamp":1767622239000},"page":"309-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency vs. Microwave ablation for non-functioning benign thyroid nodules"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Marsida","family":"Teliti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Chytiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Fonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Croce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda Loretta","family":"Businaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Anna","family":"Marchiselli Dell\u2019 Innocenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Coperchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-2334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Rotondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2734_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0956","volume":"313","author":"C Durante","year":"2015","unstructured":"Durante C, Costante G, Lucisano G et al (2015) The natural history of benign thyroid nodules. 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