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This work was also founded by the Italian Ministry of Health with current research founds."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Strenghtening of Biomedical Research in the NHS\u201d). This work was also founded by the Italian Ministry of Health with current research founds."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Endocrinol Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prefrontal cortex [PFC] is crucial in controlling food-related impulses. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy [fNIRS] represents a wearable functional neuroimaging technology for measuring PFC activation in real life. Aims of the study were to examine PFC activation in fasting conditions and after an oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] in resting- state [R], cognitive tasks [Ts] conditions and explore the PFC activation relationship with insulin sensitivity index [ISI] in youths with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      28 patients\u2019 cross-sectional study [age 7\u201415 y]. ISI was quantified by Matsuda\u2019s Index and PFC activation as oxygenated [O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      Hb, mol\/L] and total [tHb, mol\/L] hemoglobin concentration changes, in fasting and during the first 60\u00a0min of the OGTT; in resting-state condition and during cognitive tasks [Ts: Verbal Fluency, Digit Span, Non-Verbal Stroop] administered before [Fasting-Ts], and 15\u00a0min after OGTT [OGTT-Ts]. 15\u00a0min OGTT-R was divided into 5 time periods [P1-P2-P3-P4-P5], and cognitive tasks [OGTT-Ts] were then administered again.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dorsolateral PFC [DLPFC] and right frontal pole were over-activated in OGTT compared to the fasting state. Significant differences [p\u2009&lt;\u20090.005, false discovery rate corrected] were observed: P2 [O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      Hb Left DLPFC Fasting-R: 1.47\n                      <jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub>\n                      10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs OGTT-R: 4.13\n                      <jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub>\n                      10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0mol\/L], P3 [tHb Right DLPFC Fasting-R: 1.15\n                      <jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub>\n                      10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs OGTT-R: 3.36\n                      <jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub>\n                      10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0mol\/L], and P5 [ O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      Hb Left DLPFC Fasting-R: 1.47\n                      <jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub>\n                      10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs OGTT-R: 4.34\n                      <jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub>\n                      10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0mol\/L, tHb Right DLPFC Fasting-R: 1.15\n                      <jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub>\n                      10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs OGTT-R: 3.07\n                      <jats:sub>*<\/jats:sub>\n                      10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0mol\/L]. The change of left DLPFC activity correlated significantly with ISI [r\u2009=\u20090.61, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>fNIRS enabled the non-invasive examination of the PFC hemodynamic response associated with participants\u2019 insulin sensitivity in an ecological context. Bilateral DLPFC activation following OGTT in youths with obesity was associated with peripheral ISI. This association suggests that peripheral insulin sensitivity might reflect the PFC\u2019s ability to control food-related behaviours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-026-02911-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T11:49:19Z","timestamp":1779796159000},"page":"2497-2507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["fNIRS estimates prefrontal cortex activation following glucose load in youths with obesity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8388-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Scozia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3459-2601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deny","family":"Menghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5325-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Lasaponara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9216-8609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Aureli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Carducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9884-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Quaresima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Isabella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1535-9046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Doricchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5395-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Vicari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2580-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Cianfarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5826-0276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Fintini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-975X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melania","family":"Manco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2911_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-015-0782-4","volume":"53","author":"B Shashaj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shashaj B, Luciano R, Contoli B, Morino GS, Spreghini MR, Rustico C, Sforza RW, Dallapiccola B, Manco M (2016) Reference ranges of HOMA-IR in normal-weight and obese young Caucasians. 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