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Most (97%) exposures did not receive healthcare facility treatment. The annual rate per 100,000 US population of therapeutic errors increased by 263% from 0.51 in 2000 to 1.85 in 2024. Females accounted for more than two-thirds of exposures, as did adults 40 years and older. Therapeutic errors involving liothyronine were more likely to be associated with a medical admission (OR: 5.15, 95% CI: 2.80\u20139.48) or a moderate or major effect (OR: 10.53, 95% CI: 7.27\u201315.27) than those involving other medications used to treat hypothyroidism. Compared with therapeutic errors involving acute or acute-on-chronic exposures, chronic exposures were more likely to be associated with a medical admission (OR: 6.28, 95% CI: 4.24\u20139.28) or a moderate or major effect (OR: 15.33, 95% CI: 12.00-19.59) for medications used to treat hypothyroidism, and similarly, a medical admission (OR: 8.84, 95% CI: 1.09\u201371.71) or a moderate or major effect (OR: 15.37, 95% CI: 4.28\u201355.21) for medications used to treat hyperthyroidism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapeutic errors involving thyroid medications have been increasing, although most clinical outcomes are not severe. Increased prevention efforts should be considered for higher-risk subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-026-03052-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:22:35Z","timestamp":1792578155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic errors associated with thyroid medications in non-healthcare facility settings reported to United States poison centers, 2000\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Madeleine L.","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Hays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaahnavi","family":"Badeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie I.","family":"Rine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5838-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3052_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18","volume":"14","author":"PN Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A, Gutierrez-Buey G, Lazarus JH, Dayan CM et al (2018) Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. 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