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The introduction of cytotoxic therapy has changed the prognosis for these diseases from typically fatal to manageable chronic illnesses with a relapsing course. Despite improvements in outcomes, recurrence of disease and drug-related toxicity continue to produce significant morbidity and mortality. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of AAV and the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide has led to investigation of therapies that target B cells. Two randomized controlled trials have shown that rituximab is not inferior to cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in severe AAV, with no significant difference in the incidence of overall adverse events in rituximab- versus cyclophosphamide-treated patients. Data from ongoing clinical trials will determine the role of rituximab in the maintenance of remission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-014-0135-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T07:18:29Z","timestamp":1409728709000},"page":"17-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Current therapy of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: the role of rituximab"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Duvuru","family":"Geetha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"Kallenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald B.","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Duna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brunetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.08.016","volume":"120","author":"JD Finkielman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Finkielman JD, Lee AS, Hummel AM, Viss MA, Jacob GL, Homburger HA, Peikert T, Hoffman GS, Merkel PA, Spiera R, St Clair EW, Davis JC, McCune WJ, Tibbs AK, Ytterberg SR, Stone JH, Specks U (2007) ANCA are detectable in nearly all patients with active severe Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. 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