{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:05:28Z","timestamp":1790813128290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uremic toxins have been suspected as potential contributors for cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, associations between the clearance of serum small and middle molecules and the change of cognitive function were not fully explored and then we explored this issue in the present study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of clinically-stable 222 patients on PD were enrolled and then followed up for 2\u00a0years in this single-center prospective cohort study. Small and middle molecules clearances were examined by urea clearance (Kt\/V), creatinine clearance (Ccr) and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) clearance via dialysate and urine at baseline and after 2\u00a0years. Global and specific cognitive impairment were measured at baseline and after 2\u00a0years. Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was assessed for global cognitive function, trail-making tests A and B for executive function and subtests of the battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status for immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial skills and language ability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median of total Kt\/V, Ccr and B2M clearance were 1.89, 53.2\u00a0l\/w\/1.73\u00a0m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 17.5\u00a0l\/w\/1.73\u00a0m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively at baseline. The prevalence of global cognitive impairment was 12.3% for 222 patients and 15.4% for the remained 130 patients after 2\u00a0years. At baseline, total Kt\/V was independently positively associated with delayed memory function. Total and dialysate beta-2 microglobulin clearance was positively associated with 3MS scores and negatively with completion time on trail A after multivariate adjustment. At 2\u00a0years, we observed a significant difference in the changing trend of 3MS scores between groups divided by total B2M clearance (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.033), which still maintained to be meaningful after multivariate adjustment (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.024). Patients with total B2M clearance\u2009&gt;\u200919.0\u00a0l\/w\/1.73\u00a0m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      got significant improvement on their 3MS scores (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.005). Patients divided by total Kt\/V or Ccr were not significantly different in the trends of general and any specific cognitive function during the follow up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The higher middle molecules clearance independently correlated to better performance on general cognitive and executive function in PD patients, which also predict an improvement in general cognitive function during the follow up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-019-00661-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T11:48:19Z","timestamp":1571831299000},"page":"839-848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Associations between small and middle molecules clearance and the change of cognitive function in peritoneal dialysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-chen","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7298-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"661_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.07.003","volume":"56","author":"K Griva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Griva K, Stygall J, Hankins M et al (2010) Cognitive impairment and 7-year mortality in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 56:693\u2013703","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"661_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl275","volume":"21","author":"M Kurella","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kurella M, Mapes DL, Port FK et al (2006) Correlates and outcomes of dementia among dialysis patients: the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:2543\u20132548","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"661_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000225182.15532.40","volume":"67","author":"AM Murray","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murray AM, Tupper DE, Knopman DS et al (2006) Cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients is common. Neurology 67:216\u2013223","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"661_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.11.026","volume":"57","author":"P Kalirao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kalirao P, Pederson S, Foley RN et al (2011) Cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 57:612\u2013620","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"661_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52508.x","volume":"52","author":"M Kurella","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kurella M, Chertow GM, Luan J et al (2004) Cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 52:1863\u20131869","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"661_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50029","volume":"41","author":"S Watnick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watnick S, Kirwin P, Mahnensmith R et al (2003) The prevalence and treatment of depression among patients starting dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 41:105\u2013110","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"661_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.336","volume":"79","author":"MK Tamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamura MK, Yaffe K (2011) Dementia and cognitive impairment in ESRD: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Kidney Int 79:14\u201322","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"661_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1159\/000338135","volume":"35","author":"T Etgen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Etgen T, Chonchol M, F\u00f6rstl H et al (2012) Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Nephrol 35:474\u2013482","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"661_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"D Viggiano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viggiano D, Wagner CA, Blankestijn PJ et al (2019) Mild cognitive impairment and kidney disease: clinical aspects. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9:1\u20138","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"661_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.77","volume":"84","author":"S Palmer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Palmer S, Vecchio M, Craig JC et al (2013) Prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Kidney Int 84:179\u2013191","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"661_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.05.004","volume":"52","author":"MK Tamura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tamura MK, Wadley V, Yaffe K et al (2008) Kidney function and cognitive impairment in US adults: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study. Am J Kidney Dis 52:227\u2013234","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"661_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005010005","volume":"16","author":"M Kurella","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kurella M, Chertow GM, Fried LF et al (2005) Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment in the elderly: the health, aging, and body composition study. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:2127\u20132133","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"661_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.07.009","volume":"65","author":"DA Drew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drew DA, Weiner DE, Tighiouart H et al (2015) Cognitive function and all-cause mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 65:303\u2013311","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"661_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827f0f7f","volume":"80","author":"MJ Sarnak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sarnak MJ, Tighiouart H, Scott TM et al (2013) Frequency of and risk factors for poor cognitive performance in hemodialysis patients. Neurology 80:471\u2013480","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"661_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl256","volume":"21","author":"PF Vos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vos PF, Zilch O, Jennekensschinkel A et al (2006) Effect of short daily home haemodialysis on quality of life, cognitive functioning and the electroencephalogram. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:2529\u20132535","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"661_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001691","volume":"70","author":"SV Jassal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jassal SV, Devins GM, Chan CT et al (2006) Improvements in cognition in patients converting from thrice weekly hemodialysis to nocturnal hemodialysis: a longitudinal pilot study. Kidney Int 70:956\u2013962","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"661_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.09.009","volume":"61","author":"MK Tamura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamura MK, Unruh ML, Nissenson AR et al (2013) Effect of more frequent hemodialysis on cognitive function in the frequent hemodialysis network trials. Am J Kidney Dis 61:228\u2013237","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"661_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v4.i1.98","volume":"4","author":"A Zumrutdal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zumrutdal A (2015) Role of \u03b22-microglobulin in uremic patients may be greater than originally suspected. World J Nephrol 4:98\u2013104","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"661_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3898","volume":"21","author":"LK Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith LK, He Y, Park JS et al (2015) beta2-microglobulin is a systemic pro-aging factor that impairs cognitive function and neurogenesis. Nat Med 21:932\u2013937","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"661_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000133427.35111.67","volume":"109","author":"SC Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith SC, Jackson R, Pearson TA et al (2004) Principles for national and regional guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention a scientific statement from the world heart and stroke forum. Circulation 109:3112\u20133121","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"661_CR21","first-page":"314","volume":"48","author":"EL Teng","year":"1987","unstructured":"Teng EL, Chui HC (1987) The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. J Clin Psychiatry 48:314\u2013318","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"661_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000073620.42047.D7","volume":"61","author":"K Yaffe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yaffe K, Lindquist K, Penninx BW et al (2003) Inflammatory markers and cognition in well-functioning African\u2013American and white elders. Neurology 61:76\u201380","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"661_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1868","volume":"173","author":"FR Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin FR, Yaffe K, Xia J et al (2013) Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults. JAMA Intern Med 173:293\u2013299","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"661_CR24","volume-title":"Color trails test. Professional manual","author":"LF D\u2019Elia","year":"1996","unstructured":"D\u2019Elia LF, Satz P, Uchiyana CL et al (1996) Color trails test. Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources Inc, Odessa"},{"key":"661_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198705)43:3<346::AID-JCLP2270430308>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"43","author":"LT Yeudall","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yeudall LT, Reddon JR, Gill DM et al (1987) Normative data for the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological tests stratified by age and sex. J Clin Psychol 43:346\u2013367","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"661_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.16.76","volume":"16","author":"FM Mononita Roy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mononita Roy FM (2013) Systematic review of the evidence for trails B cut-off scores in assessing fitness-to-drive. Can Geriatr J 16:120\u2013142","journal-title":"Can Geriatr J"},{"key":"661_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5414\/CN108335","volume":"82","author":"L Shavit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shavit L, Mikeladze I, Torem C et al (2014) Mild hyponatremia is associated with functional and cognitive decline in chronic hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 82:313\u2013319","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"661_CR28","volume-title":"RBANS repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status","author":"C Randolph","year":"1998","unstructured":"Randolph C (1998) RBANS repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status. The Psychological Corp (Harcourt), San Antonio"},{"key":"661_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2011.25561","volume":"7","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Wu W, Wang J et al (2011) Reliability and validity of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status in community-dwelling elderly. Arch Med Sci AMS 7:850\u2013857","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci AMS"},{"key":"661_CR30","first-page":"865","volume":"22","author":"BH Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang BH, Tan YL, Zhang WF et al (2008) The reliability and validity of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status. Chin Mental Health J 22:865\u2013869","journal-title":"Chin Mental Health J"},{"key":"661_CR31","first-page":"926","volume":"24","author":"GG Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang GG, Tian J, Tan YL et al (2010) The application performance of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status among normal persons in Beijing. Chin Mental Health J 24:926\u2013931","journal-title":"Chin Mental Health J"},{"key":"661_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(91)90037-D","volume":"201","author":"P Annunziata","year":"1991","unstructured":"Annunziata P, Biondi B, Aucone AM et al (1991) Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels and cognitive function in chronic dialysis patients. Clin Chim Acta 201:139\u2013141","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"661_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027964","volume":"15","author":"W Lornoy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lornoy W, Becaus I, Billiouw JM et al (2000) Remarkable removal of beta2-microglobulin. Long-term clinical observations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15:49\u201354","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"661_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000439060","volume":"42","author":"ES Koh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koh ES, Lee K, Kim SH et al (2015) Serum beta2-microglobulin predicts mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: a prospective cohort study. Am J Nephrol 42:91\u201398","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"661_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12195","volume":"7","author":"H Najafipour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Najafipour H, Sanjari M, Shokoohi M et al (2015) Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes and its predictors in general population aged 15\u201375\u00a0years: a community-based study (KERCADRS) in southeastern Iran. J Diabetes 7:613\u2013621","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"661_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00475.x","volume":"10","author":"A Zumrutdal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zumrutdal A, Sezer S, Demircan S et al (2005) Cardiac troponin I and beta 2 microglobulin as risk factors for early-onset atherosclerosis in patients on haemodialysis. Nephrology 10:453\u2013458","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"661_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000365447","volume":"128","author":"M Masuda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Masuda M, Ishimura E, Ochi A et al (2014) Serum beta2-microglobulin correlates positively with left ventricular hypertrophy in long-term hemodialysis patients. Nephron Clin Pract 128:101\u2013106","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"661_CR38","first-page":"61","volume":"21","author":"LK Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith LK, He Y, Park JS et al (2015) \u03b22-microglobulin is a systemic pro-aging factor that impairs cognitive function and neurogenesis. Nat Med 21:61\u201364","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"661_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn623","volume":"24","author":"S Giorgetti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giorgetti S, Raimondi S, Cassinelli S et al (2008) beta2-Microglobulin is potentially neurotoxic, but the blood brain barrier is likely to protect the brain from its toxicity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24:1176\u20131181","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"661_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.3.197","volume":"186","author":"I Hickie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hickie I, Naismith S, Ward PB et al (2005) Reduced hippocampal volumes and memory loss in patients with early- and late-onset depression. Br J Psychiatry 186:197\u2013202","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"661_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.7.1246","volume":"44","author":"MM Breteler","year":"1994","unstructured":"Breteler MM, van Swieten JC, Bots ML et al (1994) Cerebral white matter lesions, vascular risk factors, and cognitive function in a population-based study: the Rotterdam study. Neurology 44:1246\u20131252","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"661_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00226-7","volume":"134","author":"G Fazekas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fazekas G, Fazekas F, Schmidt R et al (1995) Brain MRI findings and cognitive impairment in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment. J Neurol Sci 134:83\u201388","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"661_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.03.019","volume":"50","author":"CD Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim CD, Lee HJ, Kim DJ et al (2007) High prevalence of leukoaraiosis in cerebral magnetic resonance images of patients on peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 50:98\u2013107","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"661_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3721","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005010006","volume":"16","author":"SL Seliger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seliger SL, Longstreth WT Jr, Katz R et al (2005) Cystatin C and subclinical brain infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:3721\u20133727","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"661_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080102100506","volume":"21","author":"DJ Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim DJ, Do JH, Huh W et al (2001) Dissociation between clearances of small and middle molecules in incremental peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 21:462\u2013466","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"661_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35548-4","volume":"8","author":"C Yi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yi C, Lin J, Cao P et al (2001) Prevalence and prognosis of coexisting frailty and cognitive impairment in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Sci Rep 8:17305","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"661_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.04.020","volume":"72","author":"YH Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang YH, Yang ZK, Wang JW et al (2018) Cognitive changes in peritoneal dialysis patients: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 72:691\u2013700","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"661_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14390","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014390","volume":"98","author":"X Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian X, Guo X, Xia X et al (2019) The comparison of cognitive function and risk of dementia in CKD patients under peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 98:e14390","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-019-00661-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40620-019-00661-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-019-00661-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:56:40Z","timestamp":1777564600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joneph\/article\/33\/4\/839\/8328517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-019-00661-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1121-8428","1724-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1121-8428","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests (both financial and non-financial).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Peking University First Hospital.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained form all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}