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Several lines of evidence support the notion that a large proportion of patients receiving maintenance dialysis experience a suboptimal biochemical control of CKD-MBD. Although no study has ever demonstrated conclusively that CKD-MBD control is associated with improved survival, an expanding therapeutic armamentarium is available to correct bone mineral abnormalities. In this position paper of Lombardy Nephrologists, a summary of the state of art of CKD-MBD as well as a summary of the unmet clinical needs will be provided. 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A.B. reports to have received grants for the participation in scientific meetings from Amgen, Sanofi, Vifor Pharma, and to have received an unrestricted research grant from Amgen. M.C. reports to have received grants for the participation in scientific meetings from Amgen, Shire, Abbvie, Vifor Pharma, Baxter. F.L. reports to have received grants for the participation in scientific meetings from Abbvie, Amgen, Roche, Vifor Pharma. The remaining authors have nothing to report with regard to the present paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This review article does not contain any studies with human participants or animal performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}