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These drugs have potent glucose-lowering actions and, additionally, lower body weight through satiety induction while reducing blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Partly through these actions, GLP-1 receptor agonism was shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with T2D with previous CVD or at high-risk thereof. In these cardiovascular safety trials, in secondary or exploratory analyses, GLP-1 receptor agonists were also shown to reduce macro-albuminuria, an accepted surrogate marker for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a condition that still represents a major unmet medical need. In this review we will discuss the evidence which suggests renoprotection induced by GLP-1 receptor agonists and the potential mechanisms that may be involved. These include mitigation of hyperglycemia, overweight and insulin resistance, systemic and glomerular hypertension, dyslipidemia, sodium retention, inflammation and renal hypoxia. The recently initiated large-sized FLOW trial investigating the effects of semaglutide on hard renal outcomes in patients with DKD will provide clarity whether GLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce the burden of DKD in addition to their other beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00738-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T08:02:42Z","timestamp":1588233762000},"page":"965-975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Nephroprotective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists: where do we stand?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Charlotte M.","family":"Mosterd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"Bjornstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani\u00ebl H.","family":"van Raalte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"738_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","volume":"138","author":"NH Cho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW et al (2018) IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. 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Mosterd has no conflict of interest. Petter Bjornstad has acted as a consultant for Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk and Horizon Pharma. Petter Bjornstad also serves on the advisory board of XORTX. Daniel H. van Raalte. has acted as a consultant and received honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi and has received research operating funds from the Boehringer Ingelheim\u2013Eli Lilly Diabetes Alliance, MSD, AstraZeneca and Novo Nordisk.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}}]}}