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The invasiveness of kidney biopsy\u00a0prevents this condition from being frequently monitored, while clinical data are rather unspecific. The objective of this study was to find noninvasive biomarkers of kidney rejection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We carried out proteomic analysis of the urinary Extracellular Vesicles (uEVs) from a cohort of kidney transplant recipients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923) classified according to their biopsy-based diagnosis and clinical parameters as interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), acute cellular rejection (ACR), calcineurin inhibitors toxicity (CNIT) and normal kidney function (NKF).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Shotgun mass spectrometry of uEV-proteins identified differential expression of several proteins among these different groups. Up to 23 of these proteins were re-evaluated using targeted proteomics in a new independent cohort of patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200941) classified in the same diagnostic groups. Among other results, we found a differential expression of vitronectin (VTN) in patients displaying chronic interstitial and tubular lesions (ci and ct mean\u2009&gt;\u20092 according to Banff criteria). These results were further confirmed by a pilot study using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary vitronectin levels are a potential stand-alone biomarker to monitor fibrotic\u00a0changes in kidney transplant recipients in a non-invasive fashion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00886-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T05:04:37Z","timestamp":1607058277000},"page":"861-874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Urinary vitronectin identifies patients with high levels of fibrosis in kidney grafts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Carreras-Planella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cucchiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ca\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Juega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Franquesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Bonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Revuelta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Diekmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Taco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Lauzurica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc Enric","family":"Borr\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"886_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912023412303","volume":"341","author":"RA Wolfe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Milford EL, Ojo AO, Ettenger RE, Agodoa LYC, Held PJ, Port FK (1999) Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant. 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The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the recommendations of Guideline for Good Clinical Practice from the \u201cComit\u00e8 d\u2019\u00c8tica de la investigaci\u00f3 cl\u00ednica de l\u2019Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol\u201d, who also approved the protocol. All patients were informed about the procedures and provided written informed consent to participate in the study. In order to protect human subject identity, an arbitrary code was employed for sample identification.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}