{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1786982849893,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province","award":["2007Y0030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007Y0030"]}]},{"name":"the Eleventh Five-Year Medical and Health Research Foundation by Nanjing Military Command","award":["10MA106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10MA106"]}]},{"name":"the Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of Fujian","award":["2017ZDZKSB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZDZKSB"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis is a common form of secondary glomerulonephritis in China. However, the clinicopathological features and long-term prognosis of Hepatitis B virus-associated Glomerulonephritis remain\u00a0only partially known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biopsy-proven Hepatitis B virus-associated Glomerulonephritis patients were enrolled between November 1994 and December 2013 at our center. The composite endpoints were doubling serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease, or death from renal disease during follow-up. The clinicopathological features and predictors of the long-term prognosis of Hepatitis B virus-associated Glomerulonephritis patients were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median age of the 259 Hepatitis B virus-associated Glomerulonephritis patients was 31.0\u00a0years (IQR 24.0\u201340.0), and 71.0% were males. Among the patients, 45.2% presented with nephrotic syndrome, and 45.9% presented with proteinuria combined with hematuria. The two most prevalent pathological patterns were IgA nephropathy (27.0%) and membranous nephropathy (27.0%). The mean follow-up period was 68.8\u2009\u00b1\u200946.9\u00a0months. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year clinical event-free survival rates were 93.4%, 85.2%, and 70.3%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that hypertension (HR 2.580, 95% CI 1.351\u20134.927,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), hyperuricemia (HR 2.101, 95% CI 1.116\u20133.954,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021), glomerulosclerosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and intrarenal arterial lesions (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041) were independent predictors of composite clinical event endpoint. Patients in the antiviral therapy group exhibited a significantly better prognosis compared to those who received no antiviral therapy (log-rank\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.772,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus-associated Glomerulonephritis has specific clinicopathologic features and should not be considered a benign disease in adults. Hypertension, hyperuricemia, glomerulosclerosis, and intrarenal arterial lesions were independent predictors of the long-term prognosis in Hepatitis B virus-associated Glomerulonephritis patients. Antiviral therapy could be effective in improving the long-term prognosis of Hepatitis B virus-associated Glomerulonephritis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphic abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01685-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T11:02:56Z","timestamp":1690801376000},"page":"2335-2344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinicopathologic features and long-term prognosis of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Hailing","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxiu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianjun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongze","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1685_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(71)92572-4","volume":"2","author":"B Combes","year":"1971","unstructured":"Combes B, Shorey J, Barrera A, Stastny P, Eigenbrodt EH, Hull AR, Carter NW (1971) Glomerulonephritis with deposition of Australia antigen-antibody complexes in glomerular basement membrane. Lancet 2:234\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(71)92572-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1685_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6869179","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6869179","volume":"2019","author":"P Nie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nie P, Chen R, Luo M, Dong C, Chen L, Liu J, Hu L, Li B, Luo P (2019) Clinical and pathological analysis of 4910 patients who received renal biopsies at a single center in Northeast China. Biomed Res Int 2019:6869179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/6869179","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1685_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67910-w","volume":"10","author":"R Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu R, Quan S, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhou XJ, Xing G (2020) Spectrum of biopsy proven renal diseases in Central China: a 10-year retrospective study based on 34,630 cases. Sci Rep 10:10994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-67910-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1685_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.519","volume":"50","author":"KN Lai","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lai KN, Ho RT, Tam JS, Lai FM (1996) Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA and RNA in kidneys of HBV related glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 50:1965\u20131977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1996.519","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1685_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP2H0FOVIRWMSU","volume":"141","author":"Y Zhuang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhuang Y, Yu Y, Huang Y, Zhong X (2014) Study on hyperuricemia in HBV-associated glomerulonephritis. Am J Clin Pathol 141:72\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/AJCP2H0FOVIRWMSU","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"1685_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105233242103","volume":"324","author":"KN Lai","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lai KN, Li PK, Lui SF, Au TC, Tam JS, Tong KL, Lai FM (1991) Membranous nephropathy related to hepatitis B virus in adults. N Engl J Med 324:1457\u20131463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199105233242103","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1685_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050492","volume":"12","author":"R Bhimma","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bhimma R, Coovadia HM, Adhikari M (1998) Hepatitis B virus-associated nephropathy in black South African children. Pediatr Nephrol 12:479\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004670050492","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1685_CR8","first-page":"S151","volume":"89","author":"S Panomsak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Panomsak S, Lewsuwan S, Eiam-Ong S, Kanjanabuch T (2006) Hepatitis-B virus-associated nephropathies in adults: a clinical study in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 89(Suppl 2):S151\u2013S156","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"1685_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1989.307","volume":"36","author":"HC Hsu","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hsu HC, Wu CY, Lin CY, Lin GJ, Chen CH, Huang FY (1989) Membranous nephropathy in 52 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier children in Taiwan. Kidney Int 36:1103\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1989.307","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1685_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000509088","volume":"7","author":"Y Zhuang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhuang Y, Liu B, Yu Y, Guan T, Zheng Z, Chen A (2021) Severity of intrarenal arterial lesions can predict the clinical prognosis of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis: a retrospective study. Kidney Dis (Basel) 7:67\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000509088","journal-title":"Kidney Dis (Basel)"},{"key":"1685_CR11","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011) Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-NMH-NHD-MNM-11.1. Accessed 2 Sep 2022"},{"key":"1685_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","volume":"150","author":"AS Levey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH et al (2009) A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 150:604\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1685_CR13","unstructured":"Churg J, Bernstein J, Glassock R (1995) Renal disease: classification and atlas of glomerular disease. 2nd ed. Igaku-Shoin, c1995, New York"},{"key":"1685_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"49","author":"R Katafuchi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Katafuchi R, Kiyoshi Y, Oh Y, Uesugi N, Ikeda K, Yanase T, Fujimi S (1998) Glomerular score as a prognosticator in IgA nephropathy: its usefulness and limitation. Clin Nephrol 49:1\u20138","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"1685_CR15","first-page":"257","volume":"33","author":"M Tadokoro","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tadokoro M (1991) The clinico-pathological studies of hepatitis B virus nephropathy in adults. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 33:257\u2013266","journal-title":"Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi"},{"key":"1685_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-200","volume":"9","author":"L Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang L, Meng H, Han X, Han C, Sun C, Ye F, Jin X (2012) The relationship between HBV serum markers and the clinicopathological characteristics of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) in the northeastern chinese population. Virol J 9:200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422X-9-200","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"1685_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000449511","volume":"44","author":"H Menn-Josephy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Menn-Josephy H, Lee CS, Nolin A, Christov M, Rybin DV, Weinberg JM, Henderson J, Bonegio R, Havasi A (2016) Renal interstitial fibrosis: an imperfect predictor of kidney disease progression in some patient cohorts. Am J Nephrol 44:289\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000449511","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"1685_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy302","volume":"35","author":"R Coppo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coppo R, D\u2019Arrigo G, Tripepi G et al (2020) Is there long-term value of pathology scoring in immunoglobulin A nephropathy? A validation study of the Oxford Classification for IgA Nephropathy (VALIGA) update. Nephrol Dial Transplant 35:1002\u20131009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfy302","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"1685_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.2103\/atm-20-1669","volume":"8","author":"J Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong J, Li Y, Yue S, Liu X, Wang L, Xiong M, Wang G, Nie S, Xu X (2020) The profiles of biopsy-proven renal tubulointerstitial lesions in patients with glomerular disease. Ann Transl Med 8:1066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2103\/atm-20-1669","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"1685_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008010080","volume":"19","author":"RP Obermayr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Obermayr RP, Temml C, Gutjahr G, Knechtelsdorfer M, Oberbauer R, Klauser-Braun R (2008) Elevated uric acid increases the risk for kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 19:2407\u20132413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2008010080","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1685_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004030208","volume":"16","author":"S Domrongkitchaiporn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Domrongkitchaiporn S, Sritara P, Kitiyakara C, Stitchantrakul W, Krittaphol V, Lolekha P, Cheepudomwit S, Yipintsoi T (2005) Risk factors for development of decreased kidney function in a southeast Asian population: a 12-year cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:791\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2004030208","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1685_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh716","volume":"20","author":"J Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu J, Chen X, Xie Y, Yamanaka N, Shi S, Wu D, Liu S, Cai G (2005) Characteristics and risk factors of intrarenal arterial lesions in patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20:719\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfh716","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"1685_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02870311","volume":"7","author":"C Barber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barber C, Herzenberg A, Aghdassi E et al (2012) Evaluation of clinical outcomes and renal vascular pathology among patients with lupus. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7:757\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.02870311","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1685_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160437","volume":"11","author":"Y Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang Y, Ma YP, Chen DP, Zhuo L, Li WG (2016) A meta-analysis of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy. PLoS ONE 11:e0160437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160437","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1685_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i8.821","volume":"18","author":"XY Zheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zheng XY, Wei RB, Tang L, Li P, Zheng XD (2012) Meta-analysis of combined therapy for adult hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. World J Gastroenterol 18:821\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v18.i8.821","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-023-01685-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40620-023-01685-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-023-01685-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:52:27Z","timestamp":1777564347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joneph\/article\/36\/8\/2335\/8304124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-023-01685-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1724-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1724-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (IRB Approval Number 2010011). The ethics committee also waived the need for informed consent from participants in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}