{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:38:48Z","timestamp":1782401928004,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to high ambient temperatures is associated with a risk of acute kidney injury. However, evidence comes from emergency departments or extreme weather exposures. It is unclear whether temperature-related adverse kidney outcomes can also be detected at a community level in a temperate climate zone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a 9.5-year retrospective cohort study we correlated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)\u00a0values of Swiss adult primary care patients from the FIRE cohort (Family medicine Research using Electronic medical records) with same-day maximum local ambient temperature data. We investigated 5 temperature groups (&lt;\u200915\u00a0\u00b0C, 15\u201319\u00a0\u00b0C, 20\u201324\u00a0\u00b0C, 25\u201329\u00a0\u00b0C and \u2009\u2265\u200930\u00a0\u00b0C) as well as possible interactions for patients with increased kidney vulnerability (chronic heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, therapy with renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone-system (RAAS) inhibitors, diuretics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 18,000 primary care patients who altogether provided 132,176 creatinine measurements. In the unadjusted analysis, higher ambient temperatures were associated with lower eGFR across all age and vulnerability groups. In the adjusted models, we did not find a consistent association.The highest ambient temperature differences (&gt;\u200925 or\u2009&gt;\u200930 versus\u2009&lt;\u200915\u00a0\u00b0C) were associated with marginally reduced kidney function only in patients with\u2009\u2265\u20093 risk factors for kidney vulnerability, with a maximum estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction of \u22122.9\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (SE 1.0),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.003.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a large primary care cohort from a temperate climate zone, we did not find an association between ambient temperatures and kidney function. A marginal inverse association in highly vulnerable patients is of unclear  clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01715-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T05:29:09Z","timestamp":1692768549000},"page":"95-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ambient temperature and kidney function in primary care patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Simeon","family":"Schietzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zechmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Valeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Staudinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Cipp\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Seibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Senn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Seeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"36","key":"1715_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030328","volume":"101","author":"M Al-Bouwarthan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Bouwarthan M, AlMulla AA, Yaseen M (2022) The impact of heat on kidney health: a PRISMA-compliant bibliometric analysis. 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The authors declare that they have no relevant or material financial interests that relate to the research described in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The ethics committee of the canton of Zurich approved studies within the FIRE project. According to current Swiss law on human research, retrospective cross-sectional analysis of anonymized routine medical data requires no approval by the Z\u00fcrich regional ethics committee. According to the Local Ethics Committee of the Canton of Zurich, the project did not fall under the scope of the law on human research [\n                      \n                      ] and therefore no ethical approval was necessary (BASEC No: Req-2017-00797). Patient records\/information were anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of\u00a0the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments\u00a0or comparable ethical standards.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"With regard to our investigation, we did not directly involve patients or the public in the planning, execution and reporting of the research. However, general practitioners participating in FIRE are informed and updated on a regular basis regarding ongoing projects and published results and can contribute to new projects. Detailed information about the FIRE database, its scientific and clinical purpose and all publications are presented on the web\n                      \n                      .","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient and public involvement"}},{"value":"Published results will be made available on the FIRE website\n                      \n                      . Participating general practitioners will be informed about the results during the subsequent rotational FIRE meeting.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Dissemination to participants and related patient and public communities"}}]}}