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The major therapeutic intervention for anemia among chronic kidney disease patients is erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. However, a limitation of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents is the risk for thromboembolic events, hypertension, seizures, solid organ malignancies and hyporesponsiveness. A novel interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, ziltivekimab, has been evaluated for managing anemia in chronic kidney disease patients in pilot clinical trials with promising outcomes, including an improvement in hemoglobin levels and reduction of inflammatory parameters. These trials have shown that ziltivekimab does not increase the risk for cytopenia or infectious complications as has been described for other interleukin-6-targeting monoclonal antibodies, like tocilizumab. Furthermore, potentially beneficial effects on serum lipid profile have been reported, leading to the hypothesis of a favorable impact of the drug on atherosclerotic complications. In addition, ziltivekimab has shown efficacy in improving anemia parameters, including hemoglobin levels and iron studies. Ziltivekimab deserves full scale clinical development, and to this aim, large-scale clinical trials are under way.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-024-02117-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T11:01:49Z","timestamp":1729854109000},"page":"403-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ziltivekimab for anemia and atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease: a new hope?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kanbay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidar","family":"Copur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep Y.","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mallamaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit Azienda Ospedaliera \u201cBianchi-Melacrino-Morelli\u201d & CNR-IFC, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Zoccali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, USA 4"},{"name":"Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renal (IPNET), C\/O Nefrologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012110530136600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac240","article-title":"Prevalence of anaemia in adults with chronic kidney disease in a representative sample of the United States population: analysis of the 1999\u20132018 national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"16","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2026012110530136600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031797","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia and its predictors among patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to a teaching hospital in Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study","volume":"102","author":"Bishaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"2026012110530136600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011111078","article-title":"Mechanisms of anemia in CKD","volume":"23","author":"Babitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026012110530136600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000245041","article-title":"Erythropoiesis stimulatory agent- resistant anemia in dialysis patients: review of causes and management","volume":"29","author":"Kanbay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"2026012110530136600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.05.009","article-title":"Novel anemia therapies in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference","volume":"104","author":"Ku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026012110530136600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S239151","article-title":"Erythropoietin resistance in patients with chronic kidney disease: current perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012110530136600_CR7","article-title":"Erythropoietin stimulating agents","volume-title":"StatPearls. 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