{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:28:05Z","timestamp":1790810885140,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\/CRT\/6214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/CRT\/6214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["427810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["427810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U19-AI070119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U19-AI070119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AI130409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI130409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01-AI058013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01-AI058013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Suomen Transplantaatiokirurginen yhdistys ry"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018865","name":"Munuaiss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Francophone de N\u00e9phrologie, Dialyse et Transplantation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006005","name":"Agence de la Biom\u00e9decine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001590","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRCI-HRB-2020-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRCI-HRB-2020-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MC_PC_20026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_PC_20026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Atlantic Philanthropies and the Economic and Social Research Council","award":["ES\/L008459\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/L008459\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["090355\/A\/09\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["090355\/A\/09\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["090355\/B\/09\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["090355\/B\/09\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["088849\/Z\/09\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["088849\/Z\/09\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u201cWTCCC3\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cWTCCC3\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000380","name":"Guy's & St Thomas' Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012921","name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The genetic architecture of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex, including monogenic and polygenic contributions. CKD progression to kidney failure is influenced by factors including male sex, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hypertension, diabetes, proteinuria, and the underlying kidney disease. These traits all have strong genetic components, which can be partially quantified using polygenic risk scores. This paper examines the association between polygenic risk scores for CKD-related traits and age at kidney failure development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genome-wide genotype data from 10,586 patients with kidney failure were compiled from 12 cohorts. Polygenic risk scores for hypertension, albuminuria, rapid decline in eGFR, decreased total kidney volume, and decreased eGFR were calculated using weights from published independent population-scale genome-wide association studies. The association between each polygenic risk score and age at kidney failure was investigated using logistic regression models. The association between polygenic risk score and age at kidney failure was also investigated separately for each primary kidney disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals in the highest 10% of polygenic risk score for decreased eGFR developed kidney failure 2\u00a0years earlier than those in the bottom 90% (49.9\u00a0years and 47.9\u00a0years,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095e-5). A standard deviation increase in decreased eGFR polygenic risk score was associated with increased odds of developing kidney failure before the age of 60\u00a0years (Odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.05; 95% CI 1.01\u20131.10;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), as was high decreased eGFR polygenic risk score (OR\u2009=\u20091.26; 95% CI 1.08\u20131.46;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that decreased eGFR polygenic risk score explains a portion of the variation in age at development of kidney failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-025-02207-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T02:40:10Z","timestamp":1740969610000},"page":"969-978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polygenic risk scores for eGFR are associated with age at kidney failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Kane E.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmund","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Mauduit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pukhraj","family":"Gaheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elhussein A. E.","family":"Elhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohdan Mohamad","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Jayne","family":"McKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Peter","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"van der Most","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin H.","family":"de Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamala A.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay K.","family":"Israni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan J.","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham M.","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salla","family":"Markkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Helanter\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Hyv\u00e4rinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Partanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Storrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smeeta","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Lanktree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Limou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpiero L.","family":"Cavalleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2207_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003","volume":"12","author":"CP Kovesdy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kovesdy CP (2022) Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl 12(1):7\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2207_CR2","unstructured":"United States Renal Data System. 2023 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD. Published online 2023."},{"key":"2207_CR3","volume-title":"Chronic kidney disease","author":"S Vaidya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vaidya S, Aeddula N (2022) Chronic kidney disease. StatPearls Publishing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2207_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328336ebb0","volume":"22","author":"A Staples","year":"2010","unstructured":"Staples A, Wong C (2010) Risk factors for progression of chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Pediatr 22(2):161\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328336ebb0","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2207_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.10.011","volume":"67","author":"X Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie X, Liu Y, Perkovic V et al (2016) Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Kidney Dis 67(5):728\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.10.011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2207_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.04.094","volume":"7","author":"K Yau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yau K, Dharia A, Alrowiyti I, Cherney DZI (2022) Prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with CKD: expanding indications and practical considerations. Kidney Int Rep 7(7):1463\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.04.094","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2207_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.10.031","volume":"95","author":"DM Connaughton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Connaughton DM, Bao MBB, Kennedy C et al (2019) Monogenic causes of chronic kidney disease in adults. Kidney Int 95(4):914\u2013928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2018.10.031","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2207_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01804-8","author":"J Jefferis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jefferis J, Hudson R, Lacaze P et al (2023) Monogenic and polygenic concepts in chronic kidney disease (CKD). J Nephrol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-023-01804-8","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2207_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2004.11.011","volume":"89","author":"SG Satko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Satko SG, Freedman BI (2005) The familial clustering of renal disease and related phenotypes. Med Clin North Am 89(3):447\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2004.11.011","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"2207_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00020120","volume":"15","author":"A Tin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tin A, K\u00f6ttgen A (2020) Genome-wide association studies of CKD and related traits. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 15(11):1643\u20131656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.00020120","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2207_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2020.06.003","volume":"107","author":"W Bi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bi W, Fritsche LG, Mukherjee B, Kim S, Lee S (2020) A fast and accurate method for genome-wide time-to-event data analysis and its application to UK Biobank. J Clean Prod 107(2):222\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2020.06.003","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"2207_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11576-0","author":"A Teumer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Teumer A, Li Y, Ghasemi S et al (2019) Genome-wide association meta-analyses and fine-mapping elucidate pathways influencing albuminuria. Nat Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-11576-0","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2207_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65554","volume":"10","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Basty N, Whitcher B et al (2021) Genetic architecture of 11 organ traits derived from abdominal MRI using deep learning. Elife 10:1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.65554","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"2207_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.09.030","volume":"99","author":"M Gorski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gorski M, Jung B, Li Y et al (2021) Meta-analysis uncovers genome-wide significant variants for rapid kidney function decline. Kidney Int 99(4):926\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.09.030","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"2207_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02429-x","volume":"29","author":"AP Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel AP, Wang M, Ruan Y et al (2023) A multi-ancestry polygenic risk score improves risk prediction for coronary artery disease. Nat Med 29(7):1793\u20131803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02429-x","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2207_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01869-1","volume":"28","author":"A Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan A, Turchin MC, Patki A et al (2022) Genome-wide polygenic score to predict chronic kidney disease across ancestries. Nat Med 28(7):1412\u20131420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-022-01869-1","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2207_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.03.017","volume":"103","author":"A Bakshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bakshi A, Jefferis J, Wolfe R et al (2023) Association of polygenic scores with chronic kidney disease phenotypes in a longitudinal study of older adults. Kidney Int 103(6):1156\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.03.017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2207_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43878-9","volume":"14","author":"A Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan A, Shang N, Nestor JG et al (2023) Polygenic risk alters the penetrance of monogenic kidney disease. Nat Commun 14(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-43878-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"2207_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020111599","volume":"32","author":"Z Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu Z, Jin J, Tin A et al (2021) Polygenic risk scores for kidney function and their associations with circulating proteome, and incident kidney diseases. JASN 32(12):3161\u20133173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020111599","journal-title":"JASN"},{"key":"2207_CR20","unstructured":"Understanding the transplant waitlist. National Kidney Foundation. https:\/\/www.kidney.org\/content\/understanding-transplant-waitlist"},{"key":"2207_CR21","unstructured":"How long is the wait for a kidney? Organ transplantation - NHS Blood and Transplant. https:\/\/www.nhsbt.nhs.uk\/organ-transplantation\/kidney\/receiving-a-kidney\/how-long-is-the-wait-for-a-kidney\/"},{"key":"2207_CR22","unstructured":"Smyth G, O\u2019Seaghdha C, O\u2019Kelly P, Cooney A (2023) National Kidney Transplant Service Annual Report 2023. National Kidney Transplant Service. http:\/\/www.beaumont.ie\/media\/NationalKidneyTransplantServiceAnnualReport20231.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"2207_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0407-x","volume":"51","author":"M Wuttke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wuttke M, Li Y, Li M et al (2019) A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals. Nat Genet 51(6):957\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-019-0407-x","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"2207_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0353-1","volume":"15","author":"SW Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi SW, Mak TSH, O\u2019Reilly PF (2020) A guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses. Nat Protoc 15(9):2759\u20132772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-020-0353-1","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2207_CR25","unstructured":"Computing RF for S. R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2021) Published online"},{"key":"2207_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000419","author":"J Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu J, Wang Y, Vlasschaert C et al (2024) Kidney volume and risk of incident kidney outcomes. JASN. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000419","journal-title":"JASN"},{"issue":"12","key":"2207_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.10.009","volume":"109","author":"N Mars","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mars N, Lindbohm JV, della Briotta Parolo P, et al (2022) Systematic comparison of family history and polygenic risk across 24 common diseases. Am J Hum Genet 109(12):2152\u20132162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.10.009","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2207_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01422-x","volume":"55","author":"K Kiryluk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiryluk K, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Zhou XJ et al (2023) Genome-wide association analyses define pathogenic signaling pathways and prioritize drug targets for IgA nephropathy. Nat Genet 55(7):1091\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-023-01422-x","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2207_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-023-01155-0","volume":"24","author":"R Aldisi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aldisi R, Hassanin E, Sivalingam S et al (2023) Gene-based burden scores identify rare variant associations for 28\nblood biomarkers. BMC Genom Data 24:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12863-023-01155-0","journal-title":"BMC Genom Data"},{"issue":"7969","key":"2207_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06250-x","volume":"619","author":"A Harroud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harroud A, Stridh P, International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium et al (2023) Locus for severity implicates CNS resilience in progression of multiple sclerosis. Nature 619(7969):323\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06250-x","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2207_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00447","volume":"11","author":"S Pavan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pavan S, Delvento C, Ricciardi L, Lotti C, Ciani E, D\u2019Agostino N (2020) Recommendations for choosing the genotyping method and best practices for quality control in crop genome-wide association studies. Front Genet 11:447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2020.00447","journal-title":"Front Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02207-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02207-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02207-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:59:12Z","timestamp":1777564752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joneph\/article\/38\/3\/969\/8457430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02207-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1724-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1724-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Unless otherwise stated all authors have no conflicts of interest. IH reports receiving research funding from MSD and Hansa Biopharma, and has ongoing consultancy agreements with Novartis, Hansa Biopharma, and Takeda. MBL has received advisory and consulting fees from Bayer, Sanofi, Reata, GlaxoSmithKline, and Otsuka. GLC and PJC report receiving research funding relating to kidney disease genetics from Biomarin.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study, which involved human participants, their data or biological material, was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and\/or national research ethics committee which was the Hammersmith and Queen Charlotte\u2019s & Chelsea Research Ethics Committee REC No 08\/H0707\/1.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants have provided their informed consent to participate and publish this research.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent to participate"}}]}}