{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:15:55Z","timestamp":1790716555859,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K11372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K11372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-025-02383-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T10:14:45Z","timestamp":1756894485000},"page":"2607-2617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of electrical muscle stimulation during hemodialysis in older patients with frailty: a crossover randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9406-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuta","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keika","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manae","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Matsuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuhiko","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2383_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M255","volume":"59","author":"LP Fried","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J et al (2004) Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 59:255\u2013263","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2383_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","volume":"14","author":"JE Morley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA et al (2013) Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14:392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2383_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2007020221","volume":"18","author":"KL Johansen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johansen KL, Chertow GM, Jin C et al (2007) Significance of frailty among dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:2960\u20132967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2007020221","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2383_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03710415","volume":"11","author":"KL Johansen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johansen KL, Dalrymple LS, Glidden D et al (2016) Association of performance-based and self-reported function-based definitions of frailty with mortality among patients receiving hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11:626\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.03710415","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2383_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1159\/000087184","volume":"25","author":"BS Cheema","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheema BS, Singh MA (2005) Exercise training in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review of clinical trials. Am J Nephrol 25:352\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000087184","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2383_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-019-0209-8","volume":"5","author":"K Yamagata","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamagata K, Hoshino J, Sugiyama H et al (2019) Clinical practice guideline for renal rehabilitation: systematic reviews and recommendations of exercise therapies in patients with kidney diseases. Renal Replace Ther 5:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41100-019-0209-8","journal-title":"Renal Replace Ther"},{"key":"2383_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.01.019","volume":"45","author":"KD Workgroup","year":"2005","unstructured":"Workgroup KD (2005) K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 45:16\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.01.019","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2383_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000446866","volume":"44","author":"KL Johansen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johansen KL (2016) Resistance exercise in the hemodialysis population\u2014who should do the heavy lifting? Am J Nephrol 44:29\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446866","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2383_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii3","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab012","volume":"14","author":"N Clyne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clyne N, Anding-Rost K (2021) Exercise training in chronic kidney disease-effects, expectations and adherence. Clin Kidney J 14:ii3\u2013ii14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab012","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2383_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196313","volume":"13","author":"G Regolisti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Regolisti G, Maggiore U, Sabatino A et al (2018) Interaction of healthcare staff\u2019s attitude with barriers to physical activity in hemodialysis patients: a quantitative assessment. PLoS ONE 13:e0196313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0196313","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2383_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-024-02049-9","volume":"37","author":"Y Battaglia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Battaglia Y, Baciga F, Bulighin F et al (2024) Physical activity and exercise in chronic kidney disease: consensus statements from the Physical Exercise Working Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology. J Nephrol 37:1735\u20131765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-024-02049-9","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"2383_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-03994-8","volume":"26","author":"A Machfer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Machfer A, Fekih N, Ammar A et al (2025) Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation during hemodialysis on muscle strength, functional capacity and postural balance in patients with end-stage renal disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nephrol 26:86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-025-03994-8","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2383_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2020.03.006","volume":"66","author":"PL Valenzuela","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valenzuela PL, Morales JS, Ruilope LM et al (2020) Intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves functional capacity and muscle strength in people receiving haemodialysis: a systematic review. J Physiother 66:89\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2020.03.006","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"2383_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.11.008","volume":"101","author":"J Schardong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schardong J, Stein C, Della M\u00e9a Plentz R (2020) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in chronic kidney failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 101:700\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.11.008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2383_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025389","volume":"9","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Kamiya K, Tanaka S et al (2019) Effects of electrical muscle stimulation in frail elderly patients during haemodialysis (DIAL): rationale and protocol for a crossover randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 9:e025389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025389","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2383_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W60","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008-w1","volume":"148","author":"I Boutron","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG et al (2008) Methods and processes of the CONSORT group: example of an extension for trials assessing nonpharmacologic treatments. Ann Intern Med 148:W60-66","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2383_CR17","first-page":"506","volume":"38","author":"AW Chan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG et al (2015) SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Rev Panam Salud Publica 38:506\u2013514","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"2383_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199503023320902","volume":"332","author":"JM Guralnik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM et al (1995) Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med 332:556\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm199503023320902","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2383_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M221","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.4.m221","volume":"55","author":"JM Guralnik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Pieper CF et al (2000) Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55:M221-231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/55.4.m221","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2383_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2008.00262.x","volume":"12","author":"ND Toussaint","year":"2008","unstructured":"Toussaint ND, Polkinghorne KR, Kerr PG (2008) Impact of intradialytic exercise on arterial compliance and B-type natriuretic peptide levels in hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int 12:254\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2008.00262.x","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"2383_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(85)90064-0","volume":"88","author":"T Moritani","year":"1985","unstructured":"Moritani T, Muro M, Kijima A (1985) Electromechanical changes during electrically induced and maximal voluntary contractions: electrophysiologic responses of different muscle fiber types during stimulated contractions. Exp Neurol 88:471\u2013483","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2383_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-018-0146-y","volume":"4","author":"T Watanabe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Watanabe T, Kutsuna T, Yoneki K et al (2018) Determinants of difficulty in activities of daily living in ambulatory patients undergoing hemodialysis. Renal Replace Ther 4:8","journal-title":"Renal Replace Ther"},{"key":"2383_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6","volume":"10","author":"EM Andresen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB et al (1994) Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (center for epidemiologic studies depression scale). Am J Prev Med 10:77\u201384","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2383_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1016630825992","volume":"10","author":"J Green","year":"2001","unstructured":"Green J, Fukuhara S, Shinzato T et al (2001) Translation, cultural adaptation, and initial reliability and multitrait testing of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument for use in Japan. Qual Life Res 10:93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1016630825992","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2383_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(98)00095-x","volume":"51","author":"S Fukuhara","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fukuhara S, Bito S, Green J et al (1998) Translation, adaptation, and validation of the SF-36 health survey for use in Japan. J Clin Epidemiol 51:1037\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0895-4356(98)00095-x","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2383_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P121","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/47.3.P121","volume":"47","author":"TA Salthouse","year":"1992","unstructured":"Salthouse TA (1992) What do adult age differences in the digit symbol substitution test reflect? J Gerontol 47:P121-128","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"2383_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2011.01302.x","volume":"36","author":"P Dobsak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dobsak P, Homolka P, Svojanovsky J et al (2012) Intra-dialytic electrostimulation of leg extensors may improve exercise tolerance and quality of life in hemodialyzed patients. Artif Organs 36:71\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2011.01302.x","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"2383_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0938-5","volume":"18","author":"R Baggetta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baggetta R, D\u2019Arrigo G, Torino C et al (2018) Effect of a home based, low intensity, physical exercise program in older adults dialysis patients: a secondary analysis of the EXCITE trial. BMC Geriatr 18:248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-018-0938-5","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2383_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-018-0174-7","volume":"4","author":"M Miura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miura M, Hirayama A, Oowada S et al (2018) Effects of electrical stimulation on muscle power and biochemical markers during hemodialysis in elderly patients: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Renal Replace Ther 4:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41100-018-0174-7","journal-title":"Renal Replace Ther"},{"key":"2383_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1159\/000508576","volume":"51","author":"NM Chu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chu NM, Chen X, Norman SP et al (2020) Frailty prevalence in younger end-stage kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis and transplantation. Am J Nephrol 51:501\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000508576","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2383_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.032","volume":"142","author":"T Miyamoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miyamoto T, Iwakura T, Matsuoka N et al (2018) Impact of prolonged neuromuscular electrical stimulation on metabolic profile and cognition-related blood parameters in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled cross-over trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 142:37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.032","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2383_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000002387","volume":"86","author":"AS Buchman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buchman AS, Yu L, Boyle PA et al (2016) Higher brain BDNF gene expression is associated with slower cognitive decline in older adults. Neurology 86:735\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000002387","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2383_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.07.026","volume":"75","author":"A Sheshadri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheshadri A, Kittiskulnam P, Lazar AA et al (2020) A walking intervention to increase weekly steps in dialysis patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 75:488\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.07.026","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02383-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02383-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02383-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:59:46Z","timestamp":1777564786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joneph\/article\/38\/9\/2607\/8462673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02383-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1724-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1724-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"K.K. has received research and scholarship funding from Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. Other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kitasato University Allied Health Sciences (approval number: 2017-021)\u00a0and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was registered in a public trial registry (UMIN-CTR, number: UMIN000032501).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent to participate"}}]}}