{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:51:51Z","timestamp":1792713111249,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hypertension is a clinical condition associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension is also a driver of faster disease progression. Correct and appropriate treatment with antihypertensive medication reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and slows kidney disease progression. However, not all hypertensive patients achieve the desired blood pressure goals despite multiple antihypertensive therapies, and these are defined as patients with uncontrolled or resistant hypertension. Renal denervation has been successfully proposed to mitigate the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with uncontrolled\/resistant hypertension. The guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension include renal denervation as a therapeutic option for treating hypertension in patients with uncontrolled or resistant hypertension. However, in patients with CKD, diffusion of the procedure has been limited by concerns over possible adverse effects on kidney function. Over the last few years, the improvement of the device-based procedure and the growing experience accumulated in several Nephrology centers have increased the use of renal denervation in patients with CKD. In patients with uncontrolled\/resistant hypertension with a significant reduction of glomerular filtration rate (&lt;\u200940\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), on dialysis, or living with a kidney transplant, the procedure significantly reduces blood pressure values over time without negative effects on kidney function. Taking into account the effectiveness of renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled or resistant hypertension and CKD, and the lack of defined indications concerning renal denervation in CKD, the Italian Society of Nephrology has decided to publish a position paper reviewing the available evidence in the medical literature.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-025-02406-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T15:09:41Z","timestamp":1757344181000},"page":"2053-2065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The role of renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease: a position paper of the Italian Society of Nephrology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-8447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"Feriozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero Lino","family":"Cirami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Gangemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"La Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loreto","family":"Gesualdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lorenza","family":"Muiesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Pani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pieruzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Ribichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Taddei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10258","key":"2406_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators","year":"2020","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators (2020) Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396(10258):1223\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2406_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000881","volume":"34","author":"C Thomopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A (2016) Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: 7. Effects of more vs. less intensive blood pressure lowering and different achieved blood pressure levels\u2014updated overview and meta-analyses of randomised trials. J Hypertens 34(4):613\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000881","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"2","key":"2406_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1161\/HTAHA.118.12191","volume":"73","author":"RM Carey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carey RM, Sakhuja S, Calhoun DA, Whelton PK, Muntner P (2019) Prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant HT in the United States. HT 73(2):424\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HTAHA.118.12191","journal-title":"HT"},{"issue":"24","key":"2406_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.12.061","volume":"61","author":"L De Nicola","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Nicola L, Gabbai FB, Agarwal R, Chiodini P, Borrelli S, Bellizzi V, Nappi F, Conte G, Minutolo R (2013) Prevalence and prognostic role of resistant hypertension in chronic kidney disease patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 61(24):2461\u20132467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.12.061","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2406_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003650","volume":"42","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Li C, Li Z, Li Q, Liu C, Sun X, He Q, Xia DS, Xia D, Lu C (2024) Ten-year follow-up of very-high risk hypertensive patients undergoing renal sympathetic denervation. J Hypertens 42(5):801\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003650","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"10361","key":"2406_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01787-1","volume":"400","author":"DL Bhatt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhatt DL, Vaduganathan M, Kandzari DE, Leon MB, Rocha-Singh K, Townsend RR, Katzen BT, Oparil S, Brar S, DeBruin V, Fahy M, Bakris GL, SYMPLICITY HTN-3 Steering Committee Investigators (2022) Long-term outcomes after catheter-based renal artery denervation for resistant hypertension: final follow-up of the randomised SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial. Lancet 400(10361):1405\u20131416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01787-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2406_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30554-7","volume":"395","author":"M B\u00f6hm","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm M, Kario K, Kandzari DE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Schmieder RE et al (2020) Efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet 395:1444\u20131451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30554-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2406_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30951-6","volume":"391","author":"DE Kandzari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kandzari DE, B\u00f6hm M, Mahfoud F, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Pocock S et al (2018) Effect of renal denervation on blood pressure in the presence of antihypertensive drugs: 6-month efficacy and safety results from the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED proof-of-concept randomised trial. Lancet 391:2346\u20132355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30951-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2406_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)31082-1","volume":"391","author":"M Azizi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Azizi M, Schmieder RE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Daemen J, Davies J et al (2018) Endovascular ultrasound renal denervation to treat hypertension (RADIANCE-HTN SOLO): a multicentre, international, single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet 391:2335\u20132345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)31082-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"16","key":"2406_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164837","volume":"11","author":"A Burlacu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burlacu A, Brinza C, Floria M, Stefan AE, Covic A, Covic A (2022) Predicting renal denervation response in resistant high blood pressure by arterial stiffness assessment: a systematic review. J Clin Med 11(16):4837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11164837","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"38","key":"2406_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","volume":"45","author":"JW McEvoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, Christodorescu RM, Daskalopoulou SS, Ferro CJ, Gerdts E, Hanssen H, Harris J, Lauder L, McManus RJ, Molloy GJ, Rahimi K, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Rossi GP, Sandset EC, Scheenaerts B, Staessen JA, Uchmanowicz I, Volterrani M, Touyz RM, ESC Scientific Document Group (2024) 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J 45(38):3912\u20134018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2406_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.05.033","volume":"126","author":"R Kreutz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kreutz R, Brunstr\u00f6m M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, Muiesan ML, Tsioufis K, de Pinho RM, Albini FL, Boivin JM, Doumas M, Nemcsik J, Rodilla E, Agabiti-Rosei E, Algharably EAE, Agnelli G, Benetos A, Hitij JB, C\u00edfkov\u00e1 R, Cornelissen V, Danser AHJ, Delles C, Huelgas RG, J\u00e1rai Z, Palatini P, Pathak A, Persu A, Polonia J, Sarafidis P, Stergiou G, Thomopoulos C, Wanner C, Weber T, Williams B, Kjeldsen SE, Mancia G (2024) 2024 European Society of Hypertension clinical practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur J Intern Med 126:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.05.033. (Epub 2024 Jun 24)","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2406_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.09.014","volume":"55","author":"P Muntner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muntner P, Anderson A, Charleston J, Chen Z, Ford V, Makos G, O\u2019Connor A, Perumal K, Rahman M, Steigerwalt S, Teal V, Townsend R, Weir M, Wright JT Jr, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study Investigators (2010) Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in adults with CKD: results from the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis 55(3):441\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.09.014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2406_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121468","volume":"185","author":"J Lv","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lv J, Ehteshami P, Sarnak MJ, Tighiouart H, Jun M, Ninomiya T, Foote C, Rodgers A, Zhang H, Wang H, Strippoli GF, Perkovic V (2013) Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 185(11):949\u2013957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.121468","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2406_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.0197","volume":"177","author":"WC Tsai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsai WC, Wu HY, Peng YS, Yang JY, Chen HY, Chiu YL, Hsu SP, Ko MJ, Pai MF, Tu YK, Hung KY, Chien KL (2017) Association of intensive blood pressure control and kidney disease progression in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 177(6):792-799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.0197","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2406_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00552.x","volume":"65","author":"J Neumann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neumann J, Ligtenberg G, Klein II, Koomans HA, Blankestijn PJ (2004) Sympathetic hyperactivity in chronic kidney disease: pathogenesis, clinical relevance, and treatment. Kidney Int 65(5):1568\u20131576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00552.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"2406_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002933","volume":"39","author":"RE Schmieder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmieder RE, Mahfoud F, Mancia G, Azizi M, B\u00f6hm M, Dimitriadis K, Kario K, Kroon AA, Lobo MD, Ott C, Pathak A, Persu A, Scalise F, Schlaich M, Kreutz R, Tsioufis C, Members of the ESH Working Group on Device-Based Treatment of Hypertension (2021) European Society of Hypertension position paper on renal denervation 2021. J Hypertens 39(9):1733\u20131741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002933","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"2406_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/aj710478","volume":"71","author":"LK McCorry","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCorry LK (2007) Physiology of the autonomic nervous system. Am J Pharm Educ 71(4):78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5688\/aj710478","journal-title":"Am J Pharm Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2406_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2003.10.010","volume":"17","author":"PA Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith PA, Graham LN, Mackintosh AF, Stoker JB, Mary DA (2004) Relationship between central sympathetic activity and stages of human HT. Am J Hypertens 17(3):217\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2003.10.010","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"2406_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002661","volume":"39","author":"G Grassi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grassi G, Biffi A, Seravalle G, Bertoli S, Airoldi F, Corrao G, Pisano A, Mallamaci F, Mancia G, Zoccali C (2021) Sympathetic nerve traffic overactivity in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 39(3):408\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002661","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"2406_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E763","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1992.262.6.E763","volume":"262","author":"IA Reid","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reid IA (1992) Interactions between ANG II, sympathetic nervous system, and baroreceptor reflexes in regulation of blood pressure. Am J Physiol 262(6 Pt 1):E763\u2013E778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1992.262.6.E763","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2406_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198402040-00005","volume":"2","author":"RE Katholi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Katholi RE, Whitlow PL, Hageman GR, Woods WT (1984) Intrarenal adenosine produces hypertension by activating the sympathetic nervous system via the renal nerves in the dog. J Hypertens 2(4):349\u2013359","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"2406_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1987.16","volume":"31","author":"K Laederach","year":"1987","unstructured":"Laederach K, Weidmann P (1987) Plasma and urinary catecholamines as related to renal function in man. Kidney Int 31(1):107\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1987.16","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2406_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1681\/ASNS.V131170","volume":"13","author":"JT Kielstein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kielstein JT, B\u00f6ger RH, Bode-B\u00f6ger SM, Fr\u00f6lich JC, Haller H, Ritz E, Fliser D (2002) Marked increase of asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with incipient primary chronic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 13(1):170\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASNS.V131170","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2406_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00936.x","volume":"60","author":"K Amann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Amann K, Koch A, Hofstetter J, Gross ML, Haas C, Orth SR, Ehmke H, Rump LC, Ritz E (2001) Glomerulosclerosis and progression: effect of subantihypertensive doses of alpha and beta blockers. Kidney Int 60(4):1309\u20131323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00936.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2406_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf020","author":"C Zoccali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Kanbay M, Tuttle KR, Kotanko P, De Caterina R, Grassi G, Mancia G (2025) The autonomic nervous system and inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"2406_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asns.0000045049.72965.b7","volume":"14","author":"IH Klein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klein IH, Ligtenberg G, Oey PL, Koomans HA, Blankestijn PJ (2003) Enalapril and losartan reduce sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 14(2):425\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.asns.0000045049.72965.b7","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2406_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530430051039","volume":"275","author":"RE Schmieder","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schmieder RE, Martus P, Klingbeil A (1996) Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential HT. A meta-analysis of randomised, double-blind studies. JAMA 275(19):1507\u20131513","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2406_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(98)00261-7","volume":"32","author":"K Sakata","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sakata K, Shirotani M, Yoshida H, Kurata C (1998) Comparison of effects of enalapril and nitrendipine on cardiac sympathetic nervous system in essential HT. J Am Coll Cardiol 32(2):438\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0735-1097(98)00261-7","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2406_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002426","volume":"4","author":"A Mauriello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mauriello A, Rovella V, Anemona L, Servadei F, Giannini E, Bove P, Anselmo A, Melino G, Di Daniele N (2015) Increased sympathetic renal innervation in hemodialysis patients is the anatomical substrate of sympathetic hyperactivity in end-stage renal disease. J Am Heart Assoc 4(12):e002426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.115.002426","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2406_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.12.3091","volume":"13","author":"V Schwenger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schwenger V, Ritz E (1998) Audit of antihypertensive treatment in patients with renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13(12):3091\u20133095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/13.12.3091","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"12","key":"2406_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01468-0","volume":"108","author":"RE Schmieder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schmieder RE, H\u00f6gerl K, Jung S, Bramlage P, Veelken R, Ott C (2019) Patient preference for therapies in HT: a cross-sectional survey of German patients. Clin Res Cardiol 108(12):1331\u20131342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-019-01468-0. (Epub 2019 Apr 2)","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2406_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2021.1916100","volume":"38","author":"M Xia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xia M, Liu T, Chen D, Huang Y (2021) Efficacy and safety of renal denervation for HT in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Int J Hyperthermia 38(1):732\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02656736.2021.1916100","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2406_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-021-00760-9","volume":"45","author":"K Kario","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kario K, Kagitani H, Hayashi S, Hanamura S, Ozawa K, Kanegae H (2022) A Japan nationwide web-based survey of patient preference for renal denervation for HT treatment. Hypertens Res 45(2):232\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-021-00760-9. (Epub 2021 Oct 17)","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"2406_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpz182","volume":"33","author":"JP Sheppard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sheppard JP, Tucker KL, Davison WJ, Stevens R, Aekplakorn W, Bosworth HB, Bove A, Earle K, Godwin M, Green BB, Hebert P, Heneghan C, Hill N, Hobbs FDR, Kantola I, Kerry SM, Leiva A, Magid DJ, Mant J, Margolis KL, McKinstry B, McLaughlin MA, McNamara K, Omboni S, Ogedegbe O, Parati G, Varis J, Verberk WJ, Wakefield BJ, McManus RJ (2019) Self-monitoring of blood pressure in patients with hypertension-related multi-morbidity: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens 33:243\u2013251","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"15","key":"2406_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad054","volume":"44","author":"E Barbato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barbato E, Azizi M, Schmieder RE, Lauder L, B\u00f6hm M, Brouwers S, Bruno RM, Dudek D, Kahan T, Kandzari DE, L\u00fcscher TF, Parati G, Pathak A, Ribichini FL, Schlaich MP, Sharp ASP, Sudano I, Volpe M, Tsioufis C, Wijns W, Mahfoud F (2023) Renal denervation in the management of hypertension in adults. A clinical consensus statement of the ESC council on hypertension and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 44(15):1313\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad054","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2406_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1714\/4101.40995","volume":"24","author":"E Stabile","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stabile E, Muiesan ML, Ribichini FL, Sangiorgi G, Taddei S, Versaci F, Villari B, Bacca A, Benedetto D, Fioretti V, Liccardo G, Laurenzano E, Scappaticci M, Saia F, Tarantini G, Grassi G, Esposito G (2023) Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GISE) and Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension (SIIA) Consensus document on the role of renal denervation in the management of the difficult to treat hypertension. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 24(10):53\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1714\/4101.40995","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol (Rome)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2406_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-021-00966-7","volume":"34","author":"F Marin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marin F, Fezzi S, Gambaro A, Ederle F, Castaldi G, Widmann M, Gangemi C, Ferrero V, Pesarini G, Pighi M, Ribichini FL (2021) Insights on safety and efficacy of renal artery denervation for uncontrolled-resistant hypertension in a high risk population with chronic kidney disease: first Italian real-world experience. J Nephrol 34(5):1445\u20131455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-021-00966-7","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"2406_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17S","DOI":"10.1714\/3578.35630","volume":"22","author":"S Fezzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fezzi S, Castaldi G, Widmann M, Marin F, Ribichini F (2021) The return of renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension: an update on new evidence and clinical indications. G Ital Cardiol 22(3 Suppl 1):17S-24S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1714\/3578.35630","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol"},{"key":"2406_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.08.018","volume":"66","author":"F Mahfoud","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahfoud F, Tunev S, Ewen S, Cremers B, Ruwart J, Schulz-Jander D, Linz D, Davies J, Kandzari DE, Whitbourn R et al (2015) Impact of lesion placement on efficacy and safety of catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation. J Am Coll Cardiol 66:1766\u20131775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.08.018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2406_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1681\/ASNS.2011111062","volume":"23","author":"D Hering","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hering D, Mahfoud F, Walton AS, Krum H, Lambert GW, Lambert EA, Sobotka PA, B\u00f6hm M, Cremers B, Esler MD, Schlaich MP (2012) Renal denervation in moderate to severe CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 23(7):1250\u20131257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASNS.2011111062. (Epub 2012 May 17)","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2406_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.01.047","volume":"232","author":"D Hering","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hering D, Marusic P, Duval J, Sata Y, Head GA, Denton KM, Burrows S, Walton AS, Esler MD, Schlaich MP (2017) Effect of renal denervation on kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int J Cardiol 232:93\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.01.047","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2406_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1161\/HTAHA.112.193870","volume":"60","author":"F Mahfoud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mahfoud F, Cremers B, Janker J, Link B, Vonend O, Ukena C, Linz D, Schmieder R, Rump LC, Kindermann I, Sobotka PA, Krum H, Scheller B, Schlaich M, Laufs U, B\u00f6hm M (2012) Renal hemodynamics and renal function after catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant HT. HT 60(2):419\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HTAHA.112.193870. (Epub 2012 Jun 25)","journal-title":"HT"},{"issue":"2","key":"2406_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab154","volume":"37","author":"C Ott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ott C, Mahfoud F, Mancia G, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope LM, Fahy M, Schlaich MP, B\u00f6hm M, Schmieder RE (2022) Renal denervation in patients with versus without chronic kidney disease: results from the Global SYMPLICITY Registry with follow-up data of 3 years. Nephrol Dial Transplant 37(2):304\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfab154","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"9","key":"2406_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx088","volume":"32","author":"MF Sanders","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanders MF, Reitsma JB, Morpey M, Gremmels H, Bots ML, Pisano A, Bolignano D, Zoccali C, Blankestijn PJ (2017) Renal safety of catheter-based renal denervation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32(9):1440\u20131447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfx088","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"2406_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac189","volume":"38","author":"RE Schmieder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schmieder RE (2023) Renal denervation in patients with chronic kidney disease: current evidence and future perspectives. Nephrol Dial Transplant 38(5):1089\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfac189","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"2406_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70009","DOI":"10.1111\/jorc.70009","volume":"51","author":"J Stenberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stenberg J, Sandberg O, Marttala K, Svensson MK (2025) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during 52 hours in patients with chronic kidney disease and haemodialysis treatment-an exploratory pilot study. J Ren Care 51(1):e70009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jorc.70009","journal-title":"J Ren Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2406_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.01.218","volume":"168","author":"MP Schlaich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schlaich MP, Bart B, Hering D, Walton A, Marusic P, Mahfoud F, B\u00f6hm M, Lambert EA, Krum H, Sobotka PA, Schmieder RE, Ika-Sari C, Eikelis N, Straznicky N, Lambert GW, Esler MD (2013) Feasibility of catheter-based renal nerve ablation and effects on sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in patients with end-stage renal disease. Int J Cardiol 168(3):2214\u20132220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.01.218","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2406_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-019-01697-7","volume":"23","author":"C Ott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ott C, Schmid A, Ditting T, Veelken R, Uder M, Schmieder RE (2019) Effects of renal denervation on blood pressureblood pressure in hypertensive patients with end-stage renal disease: a single centre experience. Clin Exp Nephrol 23(6):749\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-019-01697-7. (Epub 2019 Feb 19)","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2406_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002358","volume":"38","author":"F Scalise","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scalise F, Sole A, Singh G, Sorropago A, Sorropago G, Ballabeni C, Maccario M, Vettoretti S, Grassi G, Mancia G (2020) Renal denervation in patients with end-stage renal disease and resistant HT on long-term haemodialysis. J Hypertens 38(5):936\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002358","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"11","key":"2406_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-023-01264-2","volume":"25","author":"A Mazza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mazza A, Dell\u2019Avvocata F, Torin G, Bulighin F, Battaglia Y, Fiorini F (2023) Does renal denervation a reasonable treatment option in hemodialysis-dependent patient with resistant HT? A narrative review. Curr Hypertens Rep 25(11):353\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-023-01264-2. (Epub 2023 Sep 6. Erratum in: Curr Hypertens Rep. 2023 Nov;25(11):365. 10.1007\/s11906-023-01270-4)","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2406_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf149","volume":"18","author":"C Gangemi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gangemi C, Gambaro A, Ortalda V, Tavella D, Caletti C, Fezzi S, Bianco B, De Tomi E, Gambaro G, Ribichini FL, GITIAR Team (2025) Renal denervation in dialysis patients: long-term outcomes in a real-world setting. Clin Kidney J 18(6):sfaf149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf149","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2406_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000521","volume":"19","author":"C Zoccali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zoccali C, Tripepi G, Carioni P, Fu EL, Dekker F, Stel V, Jager KJ, Mallamaci F, Hymes JL, Maddux FW, Stuard S (2024) Antihypertensive drug treatment and the risk for intrahemodialysis hypotension. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 19(10):1310\u20131318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000521","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2406_CR54","first-page":"25","volume":"6","author":"V Schwenger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwenger V, Zeier M, Ritz E (2001) Hypertension after renal transplantation. Ann Transplant 6(4):25\u201330","journal-title":"Ann Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"2406_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv311","volume":"30","author":"S Schneider","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schneider S, Promny D, Sinnecker D, Byrne RA, M\u00fcller A, Dommasch M, Wildenauer A, Schmidt G, Heemann U, Laugwitz KL, Baumann M (2015) Impact of sympathetic renal denervation: a randomised study in patients after renal transplantation (ISAR-denerve). Nephrol Dial Transplant 30(11):1928\u20131936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfv311","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"2406_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu134","volume":"8","author":"LC Dobrowolski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dobrowolski LC, Bemelman FJ, Ten Berge IJ, van den Born BJ, Reekers JA, Krediet CT (2015) Renal denervation of the native kidneys for drug-resistant hypertension after kidney transplantation. Clin Kidney J 8(1):79\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfu134. (Epub 2014 Dec 13)","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2406_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpt291","volume":"27","author":"M Protasiewicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Protasiewicz M, Pocz\u0105tek K, Banasik M, Por\u0119ba R, Podg\u00f3rski M, Kurcz J, Mysiak A, Klinger M, Boraty\u0144ska M (2014) Successful renal artery denervation in a renal transplant recipient with refractory hypertension. Am J Hypertens 27(7):982\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpt291","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2406_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf387","author":"A Bosch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bosch A, Harazny JM, Schmid A, Kannenkeril D, Karg M, Bytyqi V, Roth H, Schiffer M, Uder M, Schmieder RE (2025) Renal denervation improves capillary density in hypertensive patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf387","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02406-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02406-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02406-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:59:27Z","timestamp":1777564767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joneph\/article\/38\/8\/2053\/8457498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02406-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1724-6059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1724-6059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"FS, BY, CCL, GC, LMG, LG, MLM, PA, PF, RF, TS, and BS declare that they have no interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. They make the following disclosures: FS has received honoraria for speaking and advisory boards from Amicus, Otsuka, Sanofi, and Takeda Chiesi. BY has received speaker honoraria from Amicus, Sanofi, and AstraZeneca. CCL has received honoraria for speaking, advisory boards and consultancy from Sanofi, Takeda, and Chiesi. Astra Zeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim. GC none. LMG declares the following conflicts of interest: Astra Zeneca, Alexion, Astellas, B-Braun, Fresenius, Hansa biopharma, Lilly, Medtronic, Sandoz, Vifor, Boehringer, Baxter, Novo Nordisk, Mozarc, Argenx, Sanofi, Takeda, Guidotti, Gada, Ascendis. LG research support: ABIONYX, SANOFI, AstraZeneca; speaker: BAYER, WERFEN, AstraZeneca, BAYER, KABI-FRESENIUS\u00b8consultant: AstraZeneca, GSK, NOVARTIS, CHINOOK, ROCHE, BAYER, CSL-VIFOR. MLM has received honoraria for speaking and advisory boards from Recordati and Daiichi Sankyo. PA Amgen-Menarini-Astra Zeneca-Bayernnovartis Alexion Alleanza Boehhringer-Lilly Otsuka Astellas Glaxosmithkline (Gsk) Pharma NeTI. PF has received honoraria for speaking and advisory boards from Amicus, Sanofi, Takeda and Chiesi. RF\u00a0Medtronic: recipient of research grants and speaker\u2019s fees from RECOR. TS contracts with Novartis, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer; advisory board from Servier; speaker bureau from Servier, Medtronic, Neopharmed, Sharper. BS none.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This manuscript fulfills all the ethical criteria of the journal. The review is original, and it has not been submitted to other journals for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All data regarding the cohorts of patients reported in this review have already been published in international scientific journals according to the general and shared rules for informed consent. In this manuscript, there are no original data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent to participate"}}]}}