{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T22:40:56Z","timestamp":1770417656151,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":99,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009448","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009448","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009448","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009448","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gout, a disease already described\u00a0in the \u201cAnonymus Parisinus Darembergii sive Fuchsii\u201d, one of the two surviving Greek medical manuscripts of the first century CE, is reviewed in an effort to trace the timeline of the knowledge of the\u00a0disease between the Corpus Hippocraticum and the Renaissance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatise exists in four manuscripts of varying lengths: two are located in Paris, one in Vienna, and one in London. The study was conducted using the 1997 Leiden critical edition by Ivan Garofalo, which unifies all four manuscripts (\u201cAnonymi Medici. De Morbis acutis et chronicis\u201d), and was translated into English by Brian Fuchs. The treatise consists of 51 sections (a capite ad calcem,\u00a0head to heel), in which the description of\u00a0sixteen acute diseases precede that of\u00a0thirty-five chronic diseases. The chapter on diseases affecting the joints precedes the last chapter, that describes elephantiasis. The text on gout consists of 945 words covering causes (46 words), signs (138 words) and therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The causes of gout are attributed to bilious humors and phlegm, as described by the \"Ancients\u201d. The signs include inflammation and severe pain, typically beginning in the great toe (later\u00a0known as podagra), but can extend to affect the entire leg, hands (referred to as cheiragra), or other joints, indicating a broader condition of arthritis. Pain is more tolerable when swelling coexists. Therapy is based on immediate bloodletting, dietary restrictions, and abstention from meat, wine and venery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gout in the \u201cAnonymus Parisinus\u201d allows a full understanding of gout in the centuries between the Corpus Hippocraticum and Galen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-025-02444-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T05:53:43Z","timestamp":1761803623000},"page":"2599-2606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gout in the \u201cAnonymus Parisinus\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6692-1713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natale Gaspare","family":"De Santo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kqnpp86 grid.9841.4 0000 0001 2200 8888 University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca S.","family":"De Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Department Luigi Vanvitelli University Hospital, AO dei Colli Monaldi. Adult Cardiac Surgery Naples Italy 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Bisaccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naples Italy 3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020606015330200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00346-9","article-title":"Gout","volume":"388","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606015330200_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2017.04.008","article-title":"Gout: an old disease in new perspective - a review","volume":"8","author":"Ragab","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2026020606015330200_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9402.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding and managing 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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Natale Gaspare De Santo and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Infomed consent"}}]}}