{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:28:06Z","timestamp":1787905686259,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["17K10326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K10326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HPLS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40656-021-00392-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T16:03:47Z","timestamp":1618589027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Historical reflection on Taijin-ky\u014dfush\u014d during COVID-19: a global phenomenon of social anxiety?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1739-9068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shisei","family":"Tei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0884-9311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry Yi-Jui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.08.003","volume":"47","author":"AB Br\u00fchl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Br\u00fchl, A. B., Delsignore, A., Komossa, K., & Weidt, S. (2014). Neuroimaging in social anxiety disorder\u2014A meta-analytic review resulting in a new neurofunctional model. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 260\u2013280.","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"392_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2010.10.003","volume":"41","author":"R Cooper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cooper, R. (2010). Are culture-bound syndromes as real as universally-occurring disorders? Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 41(4), 325\u2013332.","journal-title":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences"},{"key":"392_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30792-3#","author":"D Devakumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devakumar, D., Shannon, G., Bhopal, S. S., & Abubakar, I. (2020). Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses. Lancet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30792-3#","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"392_CR4","unstructured":"Elias, M. (2020). Fear, judgment, hysteria: six survivors talk about life after coronavirus. The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Date: May 9, 2020. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/may\/10\/fear-judgment-hysteria-six-survivors-talk-about-life-after-coronavirus. Accessed May 28, 2020."},{"key":"392_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011902","author":"J Holt-Lunstad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holt-Lunstad, J. (2017). Why social relationships are important for physical health: A systems approach to understanding and modifying risk and protection. Annual Review of Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011902","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"392_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199101000-00005","volume":"179","author":"LJ Kirmayer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kirmayer, L. J. (1991). The place of culture in psychiatric nosology: Taijin kyofusho and DSM-III-R. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179(1), 19\u201328.","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"392_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9741","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.9741","volume":"12","author":"J Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, J., Katto, M. S., Siddiqui, A. A., Sahito, B., Ahmed, B., Jamil, M., & Ali, M. (2020). Predictive factors associated with fear faced by healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A questionnaire-based study. Cureus, 12(8), e9741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.9741","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"392_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461519861795","volume":"56","author":"R Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez, R., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2019). Cultural concepts of distress and psychiatric disorders: Understanding symptom experience and expression in context. Transcultural Psychiatry, 56(4), 786\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1363461519861795","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"key":"392_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.032","volume":"87","author":"N Montemurro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Montemurro, N. (2020). The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 23\u201324.","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"392_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12482","volume":"71","author":"Y Nakagami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakagami, Y., Toshitaka, L., Thomas, C., et al. (2017). Taijin kyofusho: A culture-bound diagnosis discussed by Japanese and international early career psychiatrists. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 71, 146\u2013149.","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"392_CR11","first-page":"131","volume":"1","author":"J Parnas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Parnas, J., Bovet, P., & Zahavi, D. (2002). Schizophrenic autism: clinical phenomenology and pathogenetic implications. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association, 1(3), 131\u2013136.","journal-title":"World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"392_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00748","volume":"11","author":"A Schimmenti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schimmenti, A., Starcevic, V., Giardina, A., Khazaal, Y., & Billieux, J. (2020). Multidimensional assessment of COVID-19-Related fears (MAC-RF): A theory-based instrument for the assessment of clinically relevant fears during pandemics. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 748.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"392_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e393","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.34","volume":"4","author":"S Tei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tei, S., Becker, C., Kawada, R., Fujino, J., Jankowski, K. F., Sugihara, G., Murai, T., & Takahashi, H. (2014). Can we predict burnout severity from empathy-related brain activity? Translational Psychiatry, 4, e393.","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"392_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918081117","author":"S Tei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tei, S., Kauppi, J. P., Jankowski, K. F., et al. (2020). Brain and behavioral alterations in subjects with social anxiety dominated by empathic embarrassment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1918081117","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"392_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahavi, D. (2015). Self and Other: Exploring Subjectivity, Empathy, and Shame. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199590681.001.0001"}],"container-title":["History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40656-021-00392-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40656-021-00392-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40656-021-00392-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T12:07:35Z","timestamp":1624450055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40656-021-00392-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40656-021-00392-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-9714","1742-6316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-9714","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-6316","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Authors declare no competing interests and report no disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"60"}}