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ACEs denote a range of negative experiences in early life, from sexual abuse to emotional neglect, that are thought to impact health over the life course. The term was coined in the CDC-Kaiser ACE Study, an epidemiological study that surveyed 17,421 adults about ACEs and correlated the responses with participants\u2019 current health records. Shortly after the study was published in 1998, the US CDC deemed ACEs an important public health target; however, it is only recently that ACEs feature prominently in scientific and public discourses. We contend that this rise in popularity is linked to the adoption of epigenetic explanations for how ACEs affect health. Based on a literature analysis, we trace the evolution of explanatory frameworks for ACEs\u2014from coping behaviors to allostatic load to epigenetics\u2014and analyze how each of these explanations not only reconsiders the mechanisms by which ACEs affect health, but also who should be held responsible for addressing ACEs and how. Epigenetics provides distinctly different discursive possibilities than previous frameworks: firstly, it offers <jats:italic>one<\/jats:italic> distinct molecular mechanism for how ACEs work, lending \u201cmolecular credibility\u201d to epidemiological findings; secondly, it raises the possibility of reversing the negative effects of ACEs on the biological level. This epigenetic articulation makes ACEs attractive for new actors in science and society. Particularly, it facilitates novel interdisciplinary collaborations and attracts actors in health advocacy who are interested in non-deterministic readings of ACEs that counteract stigma and support positive health interventions and healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40656-024-00629-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T15:02:23Z","timestamp":1730214143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The evolution of ACEs: From coping behaviors to epigenetics as explanatory frameworks for the biology of adverse childhood experiences"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"629_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243904270719","volume":"30","author":"O Amsterdamska","year":"2005","unstructured":"Amsterdamska, O. 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