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An apparent aspect of the lipoidal model\u2019s continued dominance is its long historical pedigree, frequently aligned with a process of steady refinement from Bibra and Harless to Hermann, Pohl, and finally Meyer\/Overton. This paper problematizes this continuum by placing the genesis of a short-lived experimental entity\u2014protagon\u2014at the centre of the transition from the fat-solvation theory to the modern lipoidal theory of anaesthesia, which broadly identifies fat as a central mediating substance. A \u2018historical ontology\u2019 of protagon and an outline of the 19th century history of brain composition in relation to the early history of anaesthetic pharmacology, it treats the initial appearance of fat-oriented theories of anaesthesia as emergent of the focus on cerebral fat endemic to early 19th century organic principle analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40656-026-00735-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:59:01Z","timestamp":1777643941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The short (and messy) life of the protagon theory of anaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6249-7820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Perkins-McVey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"735_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3109\/08941939.2015.1061826","volume":"28","author":"R Anaya-Prado","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anaya-Prado, R., & Schadegg-Pe\u00f1a, D. 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