{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:55:36Z","timestamp":1772826936931,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]],"date-time":"2018-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523232000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck & Co., Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rheumatol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-018-0108-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]],"date-time":"2018-04-09T10:37:28Z","timestamp":1523270248000},"page":"57-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Golimumab in the Treatment of Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis in Scotland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Rebekah H.","family":"Borse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumesh","family":"Kachroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eilish","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph P.","family":"Insinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Baraliakos X, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) handbook: a guide to assess spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(Suppl 2):ii1\u201344.","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.104018"},{"issue":"5","key":"108_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.011247","volume":"63","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Khan MA, Braun J, Sieper J. How to diagnose axial spondyloarthritis early. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(5):535\u201343.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"108_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Listing J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, et al. The development of Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):777\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37803","volume":"65","author":"J Sieper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sieper J, van der Heijde D. Review: nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: new definition of an old disease? Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:543\u201351.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"108_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.09.002","volume":"46","author":"J Sieper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sieper J, Hu X, Black CM, et al. Systematic review of clinical, humanistic, and economic outcome comparisons between radiographic and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;46:746\u201353.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"108_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208852","volume":"75","author":"A Deodhar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Strand V, Kay J, et al. The term \u2018non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis\u2019 is much more important to classify than to diagnose patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:791\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24483","volume":"60","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Haibel H, Baraliakos X, et al. The early disease stage in axial spondylarthritis: results from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort. Arth Rheum. 2009;60:717\u201327.","journal-title":"Arth Rheum."},{"key":"108_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poddubnyy D, Haibel H, Braun J, et al. Patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis demonstrate the same clinical disease course over two years: results from the GESPIC cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(Suppl 2):THU0071 (abstract).","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3599"},{"key":"108_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201945","volume":"71","author":"D Poddubnyy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poddubnyy D, Brandt H, Vahldiek J, et al. The frequency of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in relation to symptom duration in patients referred because of chronic back pain: results from the Berlin early spondyloarthritis clinic. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71:1998\u20132001.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21688","volume":"64","author":"U Kiltz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kiltz U, Baraliakos X, Karakostas P, et al. Do patients with non-radiographic axial spondylarthritis differ from patients with ankylosing spondylitis? Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64:1415\u201322.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"108_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket385","volume":"53","author":"G Akgol","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akgol G, Kamanli A, Ozgocmen S. Evidence for inflammation-induced bone loss in non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology. 2014;53:497\u2013501.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"108_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R164","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4680","volume":"16","author":"JT Osterhaus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Osterhaus JT, Purcaru O. Discriminant validity, responsiveness and reliability of the arthritis-specific Work Productivity Survey assessing workplace and household productivity within and outside the home in patients with axial spondyloarthritis, including nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:R164\u201379.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"108_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-eular.219","volume":"72","author":"D Heijde Van der","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van der Heijde D, Purcaru O, Kavanaugh A. High economic burden of axial spondyloarthritis related to paid work and household productivity at baseline in the rapid-axspa study: differences and similarities between ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (FRI0439). Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(Suppl 3):523.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000230","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000230","volume":"2","author":"S Harvard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harvard S, Guh G, Bansback N, Richette P, Dougados M, Anis A, Fautrel B. Costs of early spondyloarthritis: estimates from the first 3\u00a0years of the DESIR cohort. RMD Open. 2016;2:e000230.","journal-title":"RMD Open."},{"key":"108_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.151027","volume":"70","author":"J Braun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Braun J, van den Berg R, Baraliakos X, et al. 2010 update of the ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:896\u2013904.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR16","unstructured":"Humira Pre-filled Pen, Pre-filled Syringe and Vial. Summary of Product Characteristics. Available at: http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/medicine\/21201 ."},{"key":"108_CR17","unstructured":"Cimzia 200\u00a0mg solution for injection. Summary of Product Characteristics. Available at: http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/medicine\/22323 ."},{"key":"108_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39257","volume":"67","author":"J Sieper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sieper J, Van der Heijde D, Dougados M, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sixteen-week study of subcutaneous golimumab in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:2702\u201312.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"108_CR19","first-page":"2286","volume":"21","author":"S Garrett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Garrett S, Jenkinson T, Kennedy LG, Whitelock H, Gaisford P, Calin A. A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:2286\u201391.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"108_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1876::AID-ART326>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"44","author":"JJ Anderson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson JJ, Baron G, van der Heijde D, Felson DT, Dougados M. Ankylosing spondylitis assessment group preliminary definition of short-term improvement in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:1876\u201386.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"108_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.151191","volume":"70","author":"G Bakland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bakland G, Gran JT, Nossent JC. Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:1921\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23606","volume":"7","author":"H Haibel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haibel H. Efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of axial spondylarthritis without radiographically defined sacroiliitis: results of a twelve-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial followed by an open-label extension up to week fifty-two. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;7:1981\u201391.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"108_CR23","first-page":"815","volume":"6","author":"J Sieper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sieper J. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1). Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;6:815\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204231","volume":"1","author":"R Landewe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landewe R. Efficacy of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis: 24-week results of a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;1:39\u201347.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maksymowych WP, Van Der HD, Dougados M, Sieper J, Braun J, Citera G, et al. Clinical and imaging efficacy of etanercept in early non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: 48-week treatment data. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; Conference (var.pagings): June.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1138"},{"key":"108_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dougados M, Van Der HD, Sieper J, Braun J, Maksymowych WP, Citera G, et al. Clinical and imaging efficacy of etanercept in early non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; Conference(var.pagings):June.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-eular.313"},{"key":"108_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLeod C, Bagust A, Boland A, et al. Adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2007;11:1\u2013158, iii\u2013iv.","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11280"},{"key":"108_CR28","unstructured":"British National Formulary August 2015. Available at: https:\/\/www.medicinescomplete.com\/mc\/bnf\/current\/ ."},{"key":"108_CR29","unstructured":"Simponi 50\u00a0mg solution for injection. Summary of Product Characteristics. Available at: http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/medicine\/23766 ."},{"key":"108_CR30","unstructured":"Enbrel 50\u00a0mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen. Summary of Product Characteristics. Available at: http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/emc\/medicine\/22143 ."},{"key":"108_CR31","unstructured":"Personal Social Services Research Unit. 2014. Available at: http:\/\/www.pssru.ac.uk\/ ."},{"key":"108_CR32","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Excellence. Technology Appraisal Guidance. TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta383\/ ."},{"key":"108_CR33","unstructured":"Personal Social Services Research Unit. Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2014. http:\/\/www.pssru.ac.uk\/project-pages\/unit-costs\/2014\/ ."},{"key":"108_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.8.732","volume":"62","author":"A Boonen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boonen A, van der Heijde D, Landew\u00e9 R, Guillemin F, Rutten-van M\u00f6lken M, Dougados M, et al. Direct costs of ankylosing spondylitis and its determinants: an analysis among three European countries. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:732\u201340.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"108_CR35","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Excellence. TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis without radiographic evidence of ankylosing spondylitis (including a review of technology appraisal 143 and technology appraisal 233) Assessment Report. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta383\/documents\/ankylosing-spondylitis-and-axial-spondyloarthritis-nonradiographic-adalimumab-etanercept-infliximab-and-golimumab-inc-rev-ta143-and-ta233-id694-appraisal-consultation-document2 ."},{"key":"108_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briggs A, Claxton K, Sculpher M. Decision modelling for health economic evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2006.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526629.001.0001"},{"key":"108_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207688","volume":"75","author":"S Exarchou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Exarchou S, Lie E, Lindstr\u00f6m U, Askling J, Forsblad-d\u2019Elia H, Turesson C, Kristensen LE, Jacobsson LT. Mortality in ankylosing spondylitis: results from a nationwide population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:1466\u201372.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"108_CR38","first-page":"1178","volume":"34","author":"N Bansback","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bansback N, Maetzel A, Drummond M, et al. Considerations and preliminary proposals for defining a reference case for economic evaluations in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(5):1178\u201383.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"108_CR39","unstructured":"Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis (non-radiographic)\u2014adalimumab, etanercept infliximab and golimumab (inc rev TA143 and TA233) ID694. NICE. http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/indevelopment\/gid-tag355 ."},{"key":"108_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh271","volume":"43","author":"G Kobelt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kobelt G, Andlin-Sobocki P, Brophy S, J\u00f6nsson L, Calin A, Braun J. The burden of ankylosing spondylitis and the cost-effectiveness of treatment with infliximab (Remicade). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004;43:1158\u201366.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"108_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh JA, Wells GA, Christensen R, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Maxwell L, Macdonald JK et al. Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 201116;2:CD008794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd008794.pub2 .","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd008794.pub2"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40744-018-0108-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40744-018-0108-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40744-018-0108-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T21:08:58Z","timestamp":1720213738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40744-018-0108-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-018-0108-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-6576","2198-6584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-6576","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-6584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2018","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}